The latest medical research on Mircobiology

Vascular tumorous thrombosis is a crucial pathological feature of malignant tumors that is closely associated with lymph node metastasis and is considered a form of tumor micrometastasis. Two downregulated genes, catenin alpha 3 (CTNNA3) and FERM and PDZ domain-containing 4 (FRMPD4), were selected by analyzing the differential expression of vascular tumorous thrombus in colon adenocarcinoma and paracancerous tissues. Further investigation revealed their potential role in the development of vascular tumorous thrombosis in colon adenocarcinomas.

Candidate genes for vascular tumorous thrombosis in colon adenocarcinoma were screened using GSE127069, and pan-cancer verification and immune infiltration analysis were performed. The relationship between gene expression and vascular tumorous thrombosis was analyzed based on the level of gene mutations using cBioPortal. Finally, the collected clinical samples were used to verify expression.

CTNNA3 and FRMPD4 were expressed at low levels in the vascular tumorous thrombosis of colon adenocarcinoma and positively correlated with microsatellite instability. They are also closely related to the immune microenvironment and the infiltration of immune cell subtypes. Based on gene mutation analysis, gene deletion is suggested to be related to vascular invasion indicators. Finally, protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of CTNNA3 and FRMPD4 were downregulated in the vascular tumorous thrombosis samples of colon adenocarcinoma compared to normal glands from paracancerous tissues.

Our study suggests that CTNNA3 and FRMPD4 could be promising biomarkers for vascular tumorous thrombosis in colon adenocarcinoma, potentially enabling the identification of micrometastases in this type of cancer. These findings suggest a novel strategy for the detection and management of colon adenocarcinomas.

Skin appendage tumors (SATs) are benign and malignant neoplasms. Although there are many studies on their clinical features and epidemiology in the literature, most of these studies have a small number of patients and are not classified according to the WHO 2018 classification.

This study aimed to reveal the clinical and histopathological features of the SATs and compare the pre-diagnosis.

Cases diagnosed with SATs in the last 7 years in the Pathology Department were re-evaluated according to the WHO 2018 classification. Patients' ages and genders, as well as the location and pre-diagnosis of the lesion, were all recorded.

A total of 437 patients, 198 (45.3%) male and 239 (54.7%) female, were included in the study. Of 437 patients, 399 (91.3%) were diagnosed with benign SATs and 38 (8.7%) were diagnosed with malignant SATs. Most of the cases were benign tumors with follicular differentiation. Malignant SATs were seen in patients significantly older than benign ones. The majority of SATs were in head and neck localization. Mammary Paget's disease was the most common malignant SAT (n = 14, 36.8% of patients diagnosed with malignant SATs). It was noted that clinicians were less likely to consider a specific diagnosis of SAT before excision.

SAT, a diagnosis that can be seen at any age and is difficult to predict clinically, may be malignant, especially in elderly patients. Histopathology is the gold standard in diagnosing SATs, and immunohistochemical staining may be useful in diagnosing tumors with uncertain histopathological features.

Breast lymphomas are a rare group of malignancies that are further subdivided into primary and secondary. AIMS: To study the pathological and clinical course of breast lymphomas.

This is a retrospective analysis of patients treated at our institute over a period of 4.5 years from September 2018 to February 2023. The details of all the patients diagnosed with breast lymphoma were reviewed and analysed for the histomorphological, immunohistochemical, clinical, and treatment details. Appropriate statistical analysis including Kaplan-Meier methods was used.

Out of 11 cases of breast lymphoma, five were primary and six were secondary. It was seen predominantly in females (82%) and the age range was 31 to 73 years. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the predominant morphology (73%), along with single rare cases of ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and small lymphocytic lymphoma. The treatment details were analyzed for 7 patients. The median follow-up was 28 months. Rituximab along with CHOP regimen or its variants was commonly used as first-line treatment with initial response rates of 71%. The median progression-free survival was 5 months. The median overall survival was 15 months.

Lymphomas of the breast are rare but it is crucial to differentiate them from the commoner breast carcinomas as the treatment and prognosis vary vastly.