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The latest medical research on Chronic Kidney Disease

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Mechanisms and Implications of Podocyte Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Renal Physiology

Autophagy is a protective mechanism through which cells degrade and recycle proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis and integrity....

Renal vascular control during normothermia and passive heat stress in healthy younger men and women.

Renal Physiology

We tested the hypothesis that the renal vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses will be greater in younger women compared to men during passive h...

Parental obesity predisposes offspring to kidney dysfunction and increased susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury in a sex-dependent manner.

Renal Physiology

Although obesity is recognized as a risk factor for cardiorenal and metabolic diseases, the impact of parental obesity on the susceptibility of the...

Cardioprotective effect of intradialytic exercise on left atrial mechanics.

Renal Physiology

The left atrial (LA) function plays a pivotal role in cardiac performance by modulating left ventricular (LV) function. Impairments in LV function are commonly reported during hemodialysis, but available data describing changes in LA function are limited. There is growing evidence of the cardioprotective effect of intradialytic exercise (IDE) on the LV function but studies analyzing its effect on LA function are scarce. Our aim was to evaluate whether IDE can limit the severity of hemodialysis-induced impairment in LA myocardial function.

In this prospective, open-label, two-center randomized crossover trial, fifty-six stable individuals receiving hemodialysis participated in 2 hemodialysis sessions in a random order: standard hemodialysis (HD) and a session incorporating 30min of aerobic exercise. LA and LV global longitudinal (GLS) strains were obtained before and at peak stress of hemodialysis (i.e. 30min before hemodialysis-ending).

IDE totally abolished the decline in LA reservoir strain observed during HD (estimated difference: 3.1%, 95% CI 0.4/5.8, p=0.02) whereas it did not affect the other components of LA mechanics. A similar result favoring IDE intervention was also demonstrated on GLS changes over the HD procedure (p<0.001). Between-session differences of changes in GLS and LA reservoir strain were correlated (r=-0.32, p=0.03). The cardioprotective effect of IDE disappeared in patients with LA enlargement (i.e. LA volume index >34 mL/m²).

Even a short duration of IDE at moderate intensity is effective in preventing hemodialysis-associated decline in LA reservoir function. Further research is needed to explore the long-term benefits of IDE on LA function.

Tnik depletion induces inflammation and apoptosis ininjured renal proximal tubule epithelial cells.

Renal Physiology

In the aftermath of acute kidney injury (AKI), surviving proximal tubule epithelia repopulate injured tubules to promote repair. However, a portion...

Podocytes from Hypertensive and Obese Mice Acquire an Inflammatory, Senescent and Aged Phenotype.

Renal Physiology

Patients with hypertension or obesity can develop glomerular dysfunction characterized by injury and depletion of podocytes. To better understand t...

Human Soluble Prorenin Receptor Expressed in Mouse Renal Collecting Duct Show Sex-Specific Effect on Cardiorenal Function.

Renal Physiology

Soluble prorenin receptor (sPRR), a component of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), has been identified as a plasma biomarker for hypertension and...

Sex differences in sympathetic activity and vascular stiffness in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Renal Physiology

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity that contributes to increased vascular stiffness and cardiovascular risk. While it is well established that SNS activity and vascular stiffness are substantially elevated in CKD, whether sex differences in autonomic and vascular function exist in CKD remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that compared to females, males with CKD have higher baseline sympathetic activity that is related to increased arterial stiffness.

129 participants (96 males and 33 females) with CKD Stages III and IV were recruited and enrolled. During two separate study visits, vascular stiffness was assessed by measuring carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was measured by microneurography.

Males with CKD had higher resting MSNA compared to females with CKD (68 ± 16 vs 55 ± 14 bursts/100 heart beats, p= 0.005) while there was no difference in cfPWV between the groups (p= 0.248). Resting MSNA was not associated with cfPWV in both males and females.

Males with CKD have higher resting sympathetic activity compared to females with CKD. However, there was no difference in vascular stiffness between sexes. There was no correlation between resting MSNA and cfPWV, suggesting that non-neural mechanisms may play a greater role in the progression of vascular stiffness in CKD, particularly in females.

In Chronic Kidney Disease Altered Cardiac Metabolism Precedes Cardiac Hypertrophy.

Renal Physiology

Conduit arterial disease in CKD is an important cause of cardiac complications. Cardiac function in CKD has not been studied in the absence of arte...

C-Terminal Fragment of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-23 Improves Heart Function in Murine Models of High intact FGF23.

Renal Physiology

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with high circulating fibroblast growth ...

Rodent models of AKI and AKI-CKD transition: an update in 2024.

Renal Physiology

Despite known drawbacks, rodent models are essential tools in the research of renal development, physiology, and pathogenesis. In the past decade, ...

Strategies to mitigate acute kidney injury risk during physical work in hot environments.

Renal Physiology

Prolonged physical work in the heat can reduce renal function and increase the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). This is concerning given that the...