The latest medical research on Chronic Kidney Disease
The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about chronic kidney disease gathered by our medical AI research bot.
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Request AccessTnik depletion induces inflammation and apoptosis ininjured renal proximal tubule epithelial cells.
Renal PhysiologyIn the aftermath of acute kidney injury (AKI), surviving proximal tubule epithelia repopulate injured tubules to promote repair. However, a portion...
Podocytes from Hypertensive and Obese Mice Acquire an Inflammatory, Senescent and Aged Phenotype.
Renal PhysiologyPatients with hypertension or obesity can develop glomerular dysfunction characterized by injury and depletion of podocytes. To better understand t...
Human Soluble Prorenin Receptor Expressed in Mouse Renal Collecting Duct Show Sex-Specific Effect on Cardiorenal Function.
Renal PhysiologySoluble prorenin receptor (sPRR), a component of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), has been identified as a plasma biomarker for hypertension and...
Sex differences in sympathetic activity and vascular stiffness in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Renal PhysiologyChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity that contributes to increased vascular stiffness and cardiovascular risk. While it is well established that SNS activity and vascular stiffness are substantially elevated in CKD, whether sex differences in autonomic and vascular function exist in CKD remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that compared to females, males with CKD have higher baseline sympathetic activity that is related to increased arterial stiffness.
129 participants (96 males and 33 females) with CKD Stages III and IV were recruited and enrolled. During two separate study visits, vascular stiffness was assessed by measuring carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was measured by microneurography.
Males with CKD had higher resting MSNA compared to females with CKD (68 ± 16 vs 55 ± 14 bursts/100 heart beats, p= 0.005) while there was no difference in cfPWV between the groups (p= 0.248). Resting MSNA was not associated with cfPWV in both males and females.
Males with CKD have higher resting sympathetic activity compared to females with CKD. However, there was no difference in vascular stiffness between sexes. There was no correlation between resting MSNA and cfPWV, suggesting that non-neural mechanisms may play a greater role in the progression of vascular stiffness in CKD, particularly in females.
In Chronic Kidney Disease Altered Cardiac Metabolism Precedes Cardiac Hypertrophy.
Renal PhysiologyConduit arterial disease in CKD is an important cause of cardiac complications. Cardiac function in CKD has not been studied in the absence of arte...
C-Terminal Fragment of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-23 Improves Heart Function in Murine Models of High intact FGF23.
Renal PhysiologyCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with high circulating fibroblast growth ...
Rodent models of AKI and AKI-CKD transition: an update in 2024.
Renal PhysiologyDespite known drawbacks, rodent models are essential tools in the research of renal development, physiology, and pathogenesis. In the past decade, ...
Strategies to mitigate acute kidney injury risk during physical work in hot environments.
Renal PhysiologyProlonged physical work in the heat can reduce renal function and increase the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). This is concerning given that the...
Influence of carnosine and carnosinase-1 on diabetes-induced afferent arteriole vasodilation: implications for glomerular hemodynamics.
Renal PhysiologyDysregulation in glomerular hemodynamics favors hyperfiltration in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although carnosine supplementation ameliorates features of DKD, its effect on glomerular vasoregulation is not known. We assessed the influence of carnosine and carnosinase-1 (CN1) on afferent glomerular arteriole vasodilation and its association with glomerular size, hypertrophy and nephrin expression in diabetic BTBRob/ob mice.
Two cohorts of mice including appropriate controls were studied i.e., diabetic mice receiving oral carnosine supplementation (cohort 1) and human CN1 (hCN1) transgenic (TG) diabetic mice (cohort 2). Lumen area ratio (LAR) of the afferent arterioles and glomerular parameters were measured by conventional histology. Three-dimensional analysis using a tissue clearing strategy was also employed.
In both cohorts, LAR was significantly larger in diabetic BTBRob/ob vs non-diabetic BTBRwt/ob mice (0.41±0.05 vs 0.26±0.07; p<0.0001) and (0.42±0.06 vs 0.29±0.04; p<0.0001), and associated with glomerular size (cohort 1: r =0.55, p=0.001; cohort 2: r=0.89, p<0.0001). LAR was partially normalized by oral carnosine supplementation (0.34±0.05 vs 0.41±0.05; p=0.004), but did not differ between hCN1 TG and wild type (WT) BTBRob/ob mice. In hCN1 TG mice, serum CN1 concentrations correlated with LAR (r=0.90; p=0.006). Diabetic mice displayed decreased nephrin expression and increased glomerular hypertrophy. This was not significantly different in hCN! TG BTBRob/ob mice (p=0,06 and p=0,08, respectively).
Carnosine and CN1 may affect intra-glomerular pressure in an opposing manner through regulation of afferent arteriolar tone. This study corroborates previous findings on the role of carnosine in the progression of DKD.
Single-Cell versus Single-Nucleus: Transcriptome differences in murine kidney after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Renal PhysiologyThe kidney is a complex organ, which consists of multiple components with highly diverse cell types. A detailed understanding of these cell types i...
Inhaled Silica Nanoparticles Causes Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats.
Renal PhysiologySilica nanoparticles (SiNPs) released during the burning of sugarcane have been postulated to have a role in chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology. We tested the hypothesis that pristine SiNPs of the size present in sugarcane might cause chronic kidney injury when administered through the lung in rats.
We administered 200 nm or 300 nm amorphous SiNPs twice weekly (4 mg/dose) or vehicle by oropharyngeal aspiration for 13 weeks to rats followed by sacrifice after an additional 13 weeks (26 weeks total). Tissues were evaluated for presence of SiNPs and evidence of histologic injury.
Both sizes of SiNPs caused kidney damage, with early tubular injury and inflammation (at week 13) that continued to inflammation and chronic fibrosis at week 26 despite discontinuing the SiNP administration. Both sizes of SiNPs caused local inflammation in the lung and kidney and were detected in the serum and urine at week 13, and the 200 nm particles also localized to the kidney with no evidence of retention of the 300 nm particles. At week 26 there was some clearance of the 200 nm silica from the kidneys, and urinary levels of SiNPs were reduced but still significant in both the 200 and 300 nm exposed rats.
Inhaled SiNPs causes chronic kidney injury that progresses despite stopping the SiNP administration. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that human exposure to amorphous silica nanoparticles found in burned sugarcane fields could have a participatory role in chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology.
Contribution of Afferent Renal Nerves to Cystogenesis and Arterial Pressure Regulation in a Preclinical Model of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease.
Renal PhysiologyPolycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common inheritable cause of kidney failure, and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely uncovered...