The latest medical research on Pancreatic Cancer

The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about pancreatic cancer gathered by our medical AI research bot.

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Anatomical attention can help to segment the dilated pancreatic duct in abdominal CT.

Pancreatic cancer research

Pancreatic duct dilation is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, the most lethal malignancy with the lowest 5-year relative survival rate. Automatic segmentation of the dilated pancreatic duct from contrast-enhanced CT scans would facilitate early diagnosis. However, pancreatic duct segmentation poses challenges due to its small anatomical structure and poor contrast in abdominal CT. In this work, we investigate an anatomical attention strategy to address this issue.

Our proposed anatomical attention strategy consists of two steps: pancreas localization and pancreatic duct segmentation. The coarse pancreatic mask segmentation is used to guide the fully convolutional networks (FCNs) to concentrate on the pancreas' anatomy and disregard unnecessary features. We further apply a multi-scale aggregation scheme to leverage the information from different scales. Moreover, we integrate the tubular structure enhancement as an additional input channel of FCN.

We performed extensive experiments on 30 cases of contrast-enhanced abdominal CT volumes. To evaluate the pancreatic duct segmentation performance, we employed four measurements, including the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity, normalized surface distance, and 95 percentile Hausdorff distance. The average DSC achieves 55.7%, surpassing other pancreatic duct segmentation methods on single-phase CT scans only.

We proposed an anatomical attention-based strategy for the dilated pancreatic duct segmentation. Our proposed strategy significantly outperforms earlier approaches. The attention mechanism helps to focus on the pancreas region, while the enhancement of the tubular structure enables FCNs to capture the vessel-like structure. The proposed technique might be applied to other tube-like structure segmentation tasks within targeted anatomies.

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas: current understanding on its malignant potential and management.

Pancreatic cancer research

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN) of the pancreas are presently recognized as low-grade malignant tumors that are frequently observed in young ...

Novel CAR-T cells targeting TRKB for the treatment of solid cancer.

Pancreatic cancer research

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is highly effective for treating blood cancers such as B-cell malignancies, however, its effectivene...

Construction of S100 family members prognosis prediction model and analysis of immune microenvironment landscape at single-cell level in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a tumor marker prognostic study.

Pancreatic cancer research

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma characterized by a mere 10% five-year survival rate, poses a formidable challenge due to its specific anatomical location...

One-stage versus two-stage endoscopic management for acute cholangitis caused by common bile duct stones: A retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Pancreatic Cancer

One-stage endoscopic management, where papillary interventions and stone removal are simultaneously performed, has been reported to be an effective treatment for acute cholangitis caused by common bile duct stones (CBDS). However, there have been few reports comparing it with two-stage management, and there is no established strategy for the indication of one-stage management. The aim of the present study was to compare the short- and long-term outcomes between one- and two-stage management for acute cholangitis caused by CBDS.

We retrospectively studied 577 patients who underwent one- or two-stage endoscopic management for acute cholangitis between May 2010 and December 2020. The patients were divided into one- and two-stage groups by endoscopic management. The clinical outcomes were compared between groups.

The technical and clinical success were similar in both groups, although the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the one-stage group. Although there was no difference in the early adverse event (AE) between two groups, post-ERCP pancreatitis was recognized in 3.4% and 10.0%, which was significantly higher in the two-stage group. The cumulative late AE rate was 22.6% and 14.1%, which was significantly higher in the one-stage group. In the multivariate analyses, intervention (one-stage), number of CBDS ≥2, biliary drainage, the use of ML, and gallbladder stone were identified as significant factors associated with the recurrence of CBDS.

Although one-stage endoscopic management is useful and safe with reducing hospital stays, diligent postoperative follow-up with consideration to recurrence of CBDS is essential.

Deubiquitinase PSMD7 facilitates pancreatic cancer progression through activating Nocth1 pathway via modifying SOX2 degradation.

Pancreatic cancer research

Ubiquitination is a critical post-translational modification which can be reversed with an enzyme family known as deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). It has been reported that dysregulation of deubiquitination leads to carcinogenesis. As a member of the DUBs family, proteasome 26 S subunit non-ATPase 7 (PSMD7) serves as an underlying tumour-promoting factor in multiple cancers. However, the clinical significance and biological functions of PSMD7 in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unclear.

In this study, we first reported frequent overexpression of PSMD7 in PC tissues, and high levels of PSMD7 were markedly linked to shorter survival and a malignant phenotype in PC patients. An array of in vitro and in vivo gain/loss-of-function tests revealed that PSMD7 facilitates the progression of PC cells. Additionally, we found that PSMD7 promotes PC cell progression by activating the Notch homolog 1 (Notch1) signalling. Interestingly, in PC cells, the inhibitory effect of PSMD7 knockdown on cellular processes was comparable to that observed upon Notch1 knockdown. Mechanistically, PSMD7 deubiquitinated and stabilised sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2), a key mediator of Notch1 signalling. The stabilisation of SOX2, mediated by PSMD7, dramatically increased SOX2 protein levels, subsequently activating the Notch1 pathway. Finally, restoration of SOX2 expression abrogated the PSMD7-silenced antitumour effect.

Taken together, our work identifies and validates PSMD7 as a promoter of PC progression through augmentation of the Notch1 signalling pathway mediated by SOX2. This finding suggests that PSMD7 holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for the management of this refractory disease.

Intra-arterial Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy for the Treatment of Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Metastases: Hope or Hype?

Pancreatic cancer research

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) confers significant progression-free survival advantage for patients with small bowel grade 1 and 2 we...

Advances in Drug Therapy for Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic cancer research

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a notably poor prognosis. A large number of patients with PDAC develop metast...

Extracellular vesicle-mediated pre-metastatic niche formation via altering host microenvironments.

Pancreatic cancer research

The disordered growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer are mainly attributed to bidirectional cell-cell interactions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs...

A nomogram to predict lung cancer in pulmonary lesions for tuberculosis infection patients.

Pancreatic cancer research

Similar clinical features make the differential diagnosis difficult, particularly between lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), without path...

Dual-Responsive Supramolecular Polymeric Nanomedicine for Self-Cascade Amplified Cancer Immunotherapy.

Pancreatic cancer research

Insufficient tumor immunogenicity and immune escape from tumors remain common problems in all tumor immunotherapies. Recent studies have shown that...