The latest medical research on Paediatric ICU

The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about paediatric icu gathered by our medical AI research bot.

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The Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Childhood Trauma Exposure in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young People in Northern Ireland.

J Child Adolesc

Childhood trauma (CT) exposure is common, with many young people affected by multiple co-occurring traumas.

Participants were a representative sample of 11-19-year-olds (n = 1293), who participated in the largest ever representative survey of youth mental health in Northern Ireland (NI) - the NI Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey 2020. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify typologies that were most representative of trauma experience and co-occurrence among young people living in NI. Demographic, parental and deprivation variables were then used within a multinomial logistic regression analysis to describe trauma class membership.

Over 35% (n = 478) of participants reported exposure to at least one CT, with over 50% (n = 259) of trauma-exposed young people reporting multiple trauma exposure. LCA results provided support for a three-class model; 'low-exposure', 'moderate-exposure: community-victimization' and 'high-exposure: sexual-trauma'. While none of the child, parental or familial covariates differentiated members of the 'moderate-exposure: community-victimization' from 'low-exposure', those in 'high-exposure: sexual-trauma' were over four and a half times more likely to belong to a family in receipt of income benefits and over ten times more likely to have experienced some form of out-of-home care.

This study highlights the presence of three distinct trauma classes in the NI adolescent population. In particular, this study identifies a small minority of young people who have experienced multiple CT's, including sexually based traumas, with these traumas most likely to have occurred in the context of out-of-home care and familial poverty.

Negative Posttraumatic Cognitions in 4- to 8-year-old Children following Maltreatment.

J Child Adolesc

Research has shown that children and adolescents suffering from posttraumatic stress often have negative posttraumatic cognitions such as negative appraisals of the trauma sequel that increase mental health problems. However, little is known about posttraumatic cognitions in young children. The aim of this study was to investigate negative posttraumatic cognitions in 4- to 8-year-old children following maltreatment. We also examined their association with child age and well-being as well as caregiver psychopathology.

The study includes N = 112 caregiver-child dyads with children's mean age of M = 6.2 (SD = 1.1) years. Children had experienced physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, sexual victimization, and/or domestic violence prior to participation. Posttraumatic cognitions were assessed using a short child interview including four items adapted from the Child Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI; Meiser-Stedman et al in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(4), 432-440, 2009).

Completion of the interview about posttraumatic cognitions was independent from child's age. Higher levels of negative posttraumatic cognitions were significantly associated with a higher cumulative maltreatment score (r = .35) and higher scores of posttraumatic stress symptoms (r = .39). There was no significant correlation with parent variables.

These findings indicate that posttraumatic cognitions might be an important diagnostic and treatment target for 4- to 8-year-old children.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-022-00455-4.

Sensory Modulation Dysfunction in Child Victims of Trauma: a Scoping Review.

J Child Adolesc

Due to the high level of violence globally, providing intervention for child victims of trauma has become a priority for various government departm...

Addressing Intergenerational Trauma in an Adolescent Reunification Program: Case Studies Illustrating Service Innovation.

J Child Adolesc

Adolescents in out-of-home care generally have poor prospects for reunification with their birth families. However, for some adolescents in care, w...

Exposure to IPV among Children in the Child Welfare System and an Emotional-Behavioral Disability: the Role of Maternal Depression and Social Support.

J Child Adolesc

This study examines the relationship between children's exposure to IPV and EBD among children involved in the child welfare system for suspected m...

Gender Differences in Childhood Maltreatment: A Comparative Study of Nightmare Sufferers and Non-sufferers.

J Child Adolesc

Child maltreatment has been identified as a significant problem, both within India and outside. According to UNICEF, over the last decade, there ha...

Is Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) Effective in Reducing Trauma Symptoms among Traumatized Refugee Children? A Systematic Review.

J Child Adolesc

In 2019, more than 25.9 million children under 18 were displaced due to unending political conflicts. Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) has a high level of empirical evidence to support its efficacy in processing trauma and behavioral problems in non-refugee children. Yet, little is known about its long-term effectiveness in refugee children. This study conducted a systematic review that assessed the evidence of the effectiveness of TF-CBT in reducing trauma symptoms among refugee children under 18 years of age. A systematic review was conducted from peer-reviewed literature databases (12 databases): PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (PQDT), Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PROSPERO, EBSCOHost, Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews, Social Sciences Index, and grey literature sources published from 1990 to 2019. The search yielded 1650 articles, and 4 peer reviewed studies were identified that met inclusion criteria and yielded a sample size of 64 refugee children from 21 different countries. All 4 studies provided evidence that supported TF-CBT's effectiveness in decreasing trauma symptoms and sustainment during the follow-up assessment among refugee children participants. Despite TF-CBT effectiveness for trauma symptoms treatment, there is still limited evidence to suggest that TF-CBT is effective for all refugee children due to the pilot nature of the studies, and its underutilization in traumatized refugee children from different cultural backgrounds. Future studies should conduct more TF-CBT interventions with diverse refugee children to provide more empirical support for its effectiveness with that population.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-021-00370-0.

Sleep as a Moderator of Young Children's Traumatic Stress and Behavior Problems: a Treatment-Referred Sample.

J Child Adolesc

Empirical evidence suggests young children who have experienced trauma are at risk of developing sleep problems and behavior difficulties, but it i...

Risk and Protective Factors for Common Mental Disorders among Urban Somali Refugee Youth.

J Child Adolesc

The purpose of this study was to explore exposure to trauma as well as demographic and psychosocial factors as predictors of mental health symptoms...

Resiliency in Young Adulthood and Associations among Retrospective Peer Victimization and Internalizing Problems.

J Child Adolesc

The social-ecological diathesis-stress model and related empirical work suggests that individuals who experienced peer victimization in childhood a...

Lifespan Integration Therapy with Trauma-Exposed Children: a Hermeneutic Single Case Efficacy Study.

J Child Adolesc

Childhood trauma is a devastating reality with immense psychological impact to a child. Outcome research of therapy with trauma-exposed children is...