The latest medical research on Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine
The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about undersea & hyperbaric medicine gathered by our medical AI research bot.
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Request AccessMaxillary sinus barotrauma with infraorbital nerve paraesthesia after breath-hold diving.
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicineBarosinusitis, or sinus barotrauma, is a sinonasal injury and/or inflammation that results when the aerated spaces of the nose and sinuses are expo...
Drinker driver flyer diver.
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicineBlood alcohol concentrations above defined levels are detrimental to cognitive performance. Empirical and published evidence suggest that nitrogen ...
The first deep rebreather dive using hydrogen: case report.
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicineBounce diving with rapid descents to very deep depths may provoke the high-pressure neurological syndrome (HPNS). The strategy of including small f...
Hypoxic loss of consciousness in air diving: two cases of mixtures made hypoxic by oxidation of the scuba diving cylinder.
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicineWithout an adequate supply of oxygen from the scuba apparatus, humans would not be able to dive. The air normally contained in a scuba tank is dry ...
A diving physician's experience of dental barotrauma during hyperbaric chamber exposure: case report.
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicinePrevious cases of dental barotrauma have been reported in pilots and divers. We report a case of dental barotrauma and barodontalgia in a diving ph...
A neoprene vest hastens dyspnoea and leg fatigue during exercise testing: entangled breathing and cardiac hindrance?
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicineSymptoms and contributing factors of immersion pulmonary oedema (IPO) are not observed during non-immersed heart and lung function assessments. We ...
Mortality rate during professionally guided scuba diving experiences for uncertified divers, 1992-2019.
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicineThe aim of this study was to re-examine the mortality rate among participants in the Professional Association of Diving Instructors' (PADI)'s Discover Scuba Diving (DSD) programme.
Fatalities reported to PADI as having occurred during DSD scuba dives were counted for each year between 1992 and 2019. DSD participant registrations were also counted for each year. The data were conveniently divided into two equal 14-year periods, 1992-2005 ('early') and 2006-2019 ('late'). To smooth out the year-to-year variation in raw rates, Monte Carlo simulations were performed on the mean rate per 100,000 participants per year during each period.
There were a total of 7,118,731 DSD participant registrations and 79 fatalities during the study period. The estimated overall mean mortality rate in the early period was 2.55 per 100,000 DSD registrations whereas the estimated rate of 0.87 per 100,000 DSD registrations was significantly lower in the late period (P < 0.0001).
PADI's contemporary Discover Scuba Diving introductory scuba experiences, at 0.87 fatalities per 100,000 participants, have a calculated mortality rate that is less than half that calculated for 1992-2008. The late period's rate improvement appears due either to significant under-registration in the early period, or to significant safety-performance improvement in the late period or, more likely, some combination of the two.
Pulmonary barotrauma with cerebral arterial gas embolism from a depth of 0.75-1.2 metres of fresh water or less: A case report.
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicineDuring underwater vehicle escape training with compressed air, a fit 26-year-old soldier suffered pulmonary barotrauma with cerebral arterial gas e...
An insight to tympanic membrane perforation pressure through morphometry: A cadaver study.
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicineA cadaveric experimental investigation aimed to show the rupture pressure of the tympanic membrane (TM) for otologists to evaluate its tensile strength.
Twenty adult ears in 10 fresh frozen whole cadaveric heads (four males, six females) mean age 72.8 (SD 13.8) years (range 40-86) were studied. The tensile strength of the TM was evaluated with bursting pressure of the membrane. The dimensions of the membranes and perforations were measured with digital imaging software.
The mean bursting pressure of the TM was 97.71 (SD 36.20) kPa. The mean area, vertical and horizontal diameters of the TM were 57.46 (16.23) mm2, 9.54 (1.27) mm, 7.99 (1.08) mm respectively. The mean area, length and width of the perforations were 0.55 (0.25) mm2, 1.37 (0.50) mm, and 0.52 (0.22) mm, respectively. Comparisons of TM dimension, bursting pressure, and perforation size by laterality and gender showed no significant differences. The bursting pressure did not correlate (positively or negatively) with the TM or perforation sizes.
The TM can rupture during activities such as freediving or scuba diving, potentially leading to serious problems including brain injuries. Studying such events via cadaveric studies and data from case studies is of fundamental importance. The minimum experimental bursting pressures might better be taken into consideration rather than average values as the danger threshold for prevention of TM damage (and complications thereof) by barotrauma.
Assessment of insulin sensitivity during hyperbaric oxygen treatment.
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicinePrevious studies using a hyperinsulinaemic, euglycaemic glucose clamp have demonstrated an increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity in men with and without Type-2 diabetes mellitus on the third and thirtieth hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) session. In two studies using different techniques for assessment of insulin sensitivity, we investigated the onset and duration of this insulin-sensitising effect of HBOT.
Men who were obese or overweight but without diabetes were recruited. One study performed a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic glucose clamp (80 mU.m-2.min-1) at baseline and during the first HBOT exposure (n = 9) at a pressure of 203 kPa. Data were analysed by paired t-test. The other study assessed insulin sensitivity by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) at three time points: baseline, during the third HBOT and 24-hours post-HBOT (n = 9). Results were analysed by repeated-measures ANOVA.
There was a significant 23% increase in insulin sensitivity by clamp measured during the first HBOT exposure. The FSIGT showed no significant changes in insulin sensitivity.
The hyperinsulinaemic, euglycaemic glucose clamp demonstrated a significant increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity during a single, 2-hour HBOT session in a group of men who were obese or overweight but without diabetes. As an alternate technique for assessing insulin sensitivity during HBOT, the FSIGT failed to show any changes during the third HBOT and 24-hours later, however modification of the study protocol should be considered.
Sudden death after oxygen toxicity seizure during hyperbaric oxygen treatment: Case report.
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicineAcute cerebral oxygen toxicity (ACOT) is a known side effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT), which can cause generalised seizures. Fortunate...
Symptoms of central nervous system oxygen toxicity during 100% oxygen breathing at normobaric pressure with increasing inspired levels of carbon dioxide: a case report.
Diving and Hyperbaric MedicineThe greatest danger faced by divers who use oxygen-enriched gas mixtures is central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT). CNS-OT is characterise...
