The latest medical research on Cosmetic Medicine
The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about cosmetic medicine gathered by our medical AI research bot.
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Request AccessEvaluation of people's satisfaction with botulinum toxin injection for facial rejuvenation based on age.
J Cosmet DermatolBotulinum toxin type A injections are widely used for facial rejuvenation; however, research on people's satisfaction based on age is limited. This study assessed patient satisfaction with botulinum toxin injections for forehead, glabella, and periorbital wrinkles in Birjand, Iran.
The current study examined 150 people aged 18 to 70 who requested botulinum toxin type A injection in the forehead, glabellar, and periorbital area in 2022, who visited the plastic surgery clinic and the authors' offices in Birjand City. To check patients' satisfaction, Facial Lines Treatment Satisfaction (FTS) Questionnaire was used. One month after botulinum toxin type A injection, this questionnaire was completed by the clients. Also, the brand type of botulinum toxin, age, gender of the clients, frequency of visits, and complications were collected in the relevant checklist.
The average age of participants was 38.8 ± 8.29 years with 73.3% being female. Masport botulinum toxin (MasoonDarou Pharmaceutical Company, I.R. Iran) was the most frequently used botulinum toxin brand at 66.7%. The average satisfaction score with the result of botulinum toxin injection in the forehead/glabella and periorbital area, in the age group under 30 years and 30-40 years, was significantly higher than in the age group over 50 years. The same indicators in the age group under 30 years old were significantly higher than in the 30-40 age group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, brand selection and the number of visits (first-time vs. second-time clients) demonstrated varied outcomes in satisfaction. There was a total of 62.7% side effects postinjection, with varying degrees of severity.
Chin reinforcement using the hyaluronic acid injectable filler VYC-20L and VYC-25L.
J Cosmet DermatolThe chin is an essential element of the facial unit and influences how people perceive facial aesthetic appeal. Hyaluronic acid (HA) gel injections are tried-and-true therapies for regenerative therapies with a record of success in efficacy and safety.
To determine the best type of concentration of HA and way of injection for deep and superficial planes of chin.
VYC-20L and VYC-25L (Juvederm Voluma XC® Juvéderm Volux®; Allergan plc) are 20- and 25-mg/mL HA gels with lidocaine, respectively, were injected with cannulas and needles on the bone, respectively.
Chin reinforced respecting the measures with good contouring. No serious complications. Patient was satisfied with results.
We advise using VYC 20L superficially above the muscle or with a cannula for injection, and we recommend using VYC 25L in the supraperiosteal plane.
Two case studies of persistent white hair regrowth after alopecia areata turning pigmented following treatment.
J Cosmet DermatolThere is a strong correlation between alopecia areata (AA) and the development of white hair. The AA presents itself in many clinical manifestations of depigmented hair as the condition advances. It is uncommon for unpigmented hair to extensively regrow for more than one hair growth cycle in AA and successful conversion to pigmented hair after treatment has not yet been reported.
We report two case studies involving the persistent regrowth of white hair after AA that became pigmented through treatment.
In the first case study, a 47-year-old woman with AA exhibited a fully regrown head of hair, which remained unpigmented. However, after 2 years of treatment with oral methylprednisolone and compound glycopyrrolate, her hair eventually regained its normal pigmentation. In the second case study, a 7-year-old boy with diffuse AA received compound glycyrrhizin (50 mg once daily) and methylprednisolone (4 mg orally once daily) for 3 years.
The both patients experienced regrowth of black hair on his entire head, with occasional white hairs. It is hypothesized that the aforementioned medications may regulate immunity by influencing melanocytes or melanin-associated antigens; however, the precise mechanism must be validated through additional histopathological and molecular analysis.
A larger patient group, possibly in randomized controlled trials, is needed to determine how the indicated treatment affects hair repigmentation after AA. Therefore, more patients must be included for more substantial outcomes from this study.
Unveiling the mechanism of high sugar diet induced advanced glycosylation end products damage skin structure via extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway.
J Cosmet DermatolAGEs accumulate in the skin as a result of a high-sugar diet and play an important role in the skin aging process.
The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanism underlying the effect of a high-sugar diet on skin aging damage at a holistic level.
We established a high-sugar diet mouse model to compare and analyze differences in physiological indexes. The effect of a high-sugar diet on skin aging damage was analyzed by means of a transcriptome study and staining of pathological sections. Furthermore, the differences in the protein expression of AGEs and ECM components between the HSD and control groups were further verified by immunohistochemistry.
The skin in the HSD group mice tended toward a red, yellow, dark, and deep color. In addition, the epidermis was irregular with anomalous phenomena, the epidermis was thinned, and the dermis lost its normal structure and showed vacuolated changes. Transcriptomics results revealed significant downregulation of the ECM-receptor interaction pathway, significant upregulation of the expression of AGEs and significant downregulation of the expression levels of COLI, FN1, LM5, and TNC, among others ECM proteins and ECM receptors.
High-sugar diets cause skin aging damage by inducing the accumulation of AGEs, disrupting the expression of ECM proteins and their receptors, and downregulating the ECM-receptor interaction pathway, which affects cellular behavioral functions such as cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion, as well as normal skin tissue structure.
Robotic Repair: An Alternative Technique for Rectus Diastasis and Abdominal Bulge Following DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction.
Aesthetic Surgery JournalThe Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator (DIEP) flap is the gold standard in autologous breast reconstruction. Despite advances in perforator dissection, abdominal morbidity still occurs. Traditional rectus diastasis (RD), abdominal bulge, and hernia repair with open techniques are associated with higher complication rates and recurrence.
We present a novel case series of robotic repair of symptomatic RD and/or abdominal bulge with concurrent hernia following DIEP flap surgery.
A single-center, retrospective review was conducted on 10 patients who underwent bilateral DIEP flap breast reconstruction and subsequent robotic repair of RD and/or abdominal bulge and hernia. Pre-operative demographics and post-operative clinical outcomes were reviewed. RD up to 5 cm, abdominal bulge, and any concurrent ventral/umbilical hernias were repaired robotically via retrorectus plication and macroporus mesh reinforcement.
The average age and BMI were 49 years (range 41-63) and 31 kg/m2 (range 26-44), respectively. The average number of perforators harvested per flap was 2.5 (range 1-4). Average RD and hernia size were 3.95 cm (range 2-5) and 5.8 cm2 (1-15), respectively. Eight patients stayed one night in the hospital, two went home the same day as the robotic repair. No patients converted to open technique and none experienced complications within 30 days.
For the patients who experience donor site morbidity following DIEP flap breast reconstruction, minimally invasive robotic repair of RD and/or abdominal bulge with hernia can be performed with mesh reinforcement. This technique is effective with low complication rates and should be considered over open repair.
Efficacy of isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol for prevention of laser-induced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: A randomized, controlled trial.
J Cosmet DermatolQ-switched (QS) Nd: YAG laser is one of the treatment options for solar lentigines (SLs). However, the incidence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common complication, especially in dark-complexioned skin. Isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol (ITR) has been reported as a preventive modality for ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced hyperpigmentation.
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ITR for the prevention of laser-induced PIH.
A randomized, evaluator-blinded study including 24 subjects with SLs was conducted. Three SLs of each patient were randomized into three groups, which were to apply ITR twice daily, once daily, and no application for 2 weeks. Thereafter, 532-nm QS Nd: YAG laser was performed. Incidence of laser-induced PIH, relative melanin index (RMI), mean luminance score (L*), hyperpigmentation score, and adverse events were recorded for 2 months post-laser.
The incidence of PIH at the 4th week after laser treatment was significantly lower in the ITR twice-daily group compared to the no-application group (20.83% vs. 50%, p = 0.028). There was no statistically significant difference in RMI, mean L*, and hyperpigmentation score between treatments at all visits. No serious adverse events were reported regarding ITR application and laser treatment.
Two-week application of ITR prior to QS: Nd YAG laser treatment may potentially reduce the incidence of PIH. A longer duration of application, including after the laser procedure, may be more beneficial for the prevention of laser-induced PIH.
Evaluation of thermal shock therapy for reducing pain during intense pulsed light therapy: An intrapatient randomized controlled study.
J Cosmet DermatolIntense pulsed light (IPL) is used for the treatment and improvement of various skin issues. However, patients often experience local skin burning and pain after IPL treatment. Cooling and analgesic measures are indispensable.
To investigate the clinical effect of thermal shock therapy on pain relief and reduction of adverse reactions during IPL therapy.
A total of 60 female patients with facial photoaging who received IPL therapy were enrolled in the study. As a comparative split-face study, one side of the face was randomly selected as the control side. The other side was given thermal shock therapy before and after the IPL treatment immediately as analgesic side. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain degree of the patients. The telephone follow-ups regarding the occurrence of adverse reactions were conducted respectively on the 2nd day, 7th day, and 1 month after treatment.
The VAS score and skin temperature of analgesia side was lower than that of control side at different stages of treatment. In terms of adverse reactions, the incidence of transient facial redness on the analgesic side was lower than that on the control side. Two patients showed slight secondary pigmentation on the control side, and the other patients showed no other adverse reactions on both sides.
Thermal shock therapy assisted IPL therapy can reduce skin temperature during treatment, effectively relieve patients' pain, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions caused by heat injury, and improve patients' comfort level.
Complications and Risks Associated with the Different Types of Abdominoplasties: An Analysis of 55,956 Patients.
Aesthetic Surgery JournalDifferent types of abdominoplasties have been developed to address individual patient characteristics. However, complication rates and risk factors for complications between different types of abdominoplasties has yet to be reported.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the complication rates and risks associated with each type of abdominoplasty.
Using the CosmetAssure database, patients undergoing an abdominoplasty from 2015 to 2022 were identified. Demographic factors and major complications were recorded and analyzed using a chi-square test or ANOVA. A logistic regression was performed to identify the risk associated with each type of abdominoplasty for developing complications.
A total of 55,596 patients underwent an abdominoplasty procedure by any method. The overall complication rate was 2.1%. There was a significant difference in the overall complication rate between all seven types of abdominoplasties (p<0.05), with Fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty having the highest complication rate. The year of surgery, being underweight or morbidly obese, diabetes, and being male placed patients at a significantly higher risk for developing a post-operative complication. Over 15,000 patients (27.2%) had concurrent procedures related to breast surgery, other body contouring, liposuction, or facial surgery. When accounting for various risk factors in a regression model, there was no significant added risk for major complications after a combination procedure with an abdominoplasty compared to abdominoplasty alone.
Among the different types of abdominoplasties, a Fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty has the highest complication rate. Concurrent cosmetic procedures in addition to an abdominoplasty showed no added risk for major complications compared to abdominoplasty alone.
Botulinum Toxin Injection Technique for Reducing the Masseter Size and Enhancing the Jawline.
Aesthetic Surgery JournalThe injection of botulinum toxin into the masseter muscle is an important method used to improve hypertrophy. However, some patients may experience adverse reactions, such as sagging of the lower jaw. Therefore, we proposed a method of injecting botulinum toxin into the masseter and platysma muscles that would reduce masseter size and enhance the jawline.
Reducing the masseter size while enhancing the jawline.
Twenty patients received botulinum toxin injections into the masseter and platysma muscles. Pain levels were evaluated using the visual analog scale. All patients were photographed before and 6 months after treatment. Evaluations were performed based on standardized criteria. The lift index, reduction index, and symmetry index were used to assess the degree of jawline elevation, masseter size reduction, and jawline symmetry before and after treatment, respectively.
The mean visual analog scale score of the 20 patients was 2.80 (±1.24). The mean lift index score decreased from 4.93 (±0.34) to 4.53 (±0.37), P<0.05. The mean reduction index score decreased from 3.13 (±0.27) to 2.74 (±0.27), P<0.05. The mean symmetry index score changed from 0.0393 (±0.0296) to 0.0257 (±0.0246), P<0.05.
Botulinum toxin injections into the masseter and platysma muscles through nerve block reduced the masseter size, elevated the jawline, and improved symmetry.
Skin rejuvenation through topical application of indocyanine green with diffractive optical element mode of 785 nm picosecond laser in Asian females.
J Cosmet DermatolIndocyanine green (ICG) exhibits robust absorption near 800 nm.
To examine the clinical effects of combining ICG with a 785 nm picosecond laser for treating photo-aged skin.
A 785 nm 600 picosecond laser was used on the facial area of 16 female patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III and IV (mean age: 58.44 ± 5.24 years) after applying 0.0125% ICG cream. A total of 3000 shots were administered in diffractive optical element mode at a pulse energy of 200 mJ and frequency of 10 Hz. Hyperpigmented lesions were treated using the Zoom handpiece set at a spot size of 3-4 mm, pulse energy of 60-120 mJ, and frequency of 3-7 Hz. Patients underwent five sessions of treatment at intervals of 1-2 weeks. Wrinkles, pores and pigmented lesions were assessed at the initial assessment and 4 weeks after the final treatment using the Modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale and 10-point visual analog scale, respectively. Skin biopsy of the postauricular area was performed on two consenting patients.
Significant improvements in wrinkles (p = 0.02), pores (p = 0.034), and hyperpigmentation (p = 0.036) were observed, along with increased patient subjective improvement. Adverse effects were transient and well-tolerated. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining revealed increased and thickened dermal collagen fibers. Immunohistochemical staining revealed increased expression of collagen I and III throughout the papillary and upper reticular dermis, along with diffuse increase of STRO-1 in the dermis.
The combined application of a 785 nm picosecond laser and ICG yielded promising clinical outcomes for treating photo-aged skin in Asian patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III and IV.
Effect of glabridin combined with bakuchiol on UVB-induced skin damage and its underlying mechanism: An experimental study.
J Cosmet DermatolResearch has demonstrated the anti-photoaging properties of glabridin and bakuchiol.
The impact of glabridin, glabridin + bakuchiol, and bakuchiol on the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in mice skin fibroblasts was observed. Furthermore, we investigated the potential roles of fibronectin (FN), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-22 (IL-22), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the tissues, and evaluated their impact on the enzymatic levels in the skin. In conjunction with transcriptomic analysis, metabolomic profiling, and network pharmacology, all samples underwent comprehensive metabolomic and principal component analysis. The Venny2.1 method was utilized to identify variances in shared metabolites between the treatment group and the UVB group, as well as between the UVB group and the control group. Subsequently, a cluster heat map was generated to forecast and analyze metabolic pathways and targets.
The outcomes from the hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue staining revealed that glabridin and bakuchiol markedly decreased dermal thickness and suppressed mast cell infiltration in photoaged mice. Immunohistochemistry and Elisa analysis revealed that glabridin and bakuchiol effectively attenuated the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, including IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-22, and IFN-γ. Furthermore, an increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory factors such as FN and TGF-β was also observed. The determination of the contents of superoxide dismutase, hydroxypropyltransferase and malondialdehyde in mice dorsal skin revealed that glabridin and bakuchiol not only elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase and hydroxyproline, but also reduced malondialdehyde content. Due to the limited number of shared differential metabolites exclusively within Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, comprehensive pathway enrichment analysis was not feasible.
This study demonstrates that glabridin and bakuchiol effectively impede photoaging and alleviate skin inflammation in mice.
The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Psoriasis.
Journal of Cutaneous PathologyThe pathogenesis of psoriasis is complex. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that can be bound and activated by structurally...