The latest medical research on Respiratory Medicine
The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about respiratory medicine gathered by our medical AI research bot.
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Request AccessLeading women in respiratory clinical sciences: Letter from Australia.
RespirologySpecial Series: Leading Women in Respiratory Clinical Sciences Series Editors: Anne-Marie Russel and Kathleen O Lindell See related Editorial.
Environmental impact of inhaled medicines: A Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand position statement.
RespirologyGlobally, more than 1.2 billion inhalers are purchased for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) annually. In Australia and New Z...
Imaging of Aspiration: When to Suspect Based on Imaging of Bacterial Aspiration, Chemical Aspiration, and Foreign Body Aspiration.
Seminars in Respiratory & Critical CareAspiration-related syndromes comprise a broad spectrum of diseases affecting the airways and lung parenchyma resulting from inadvertent entry of or...
Navigating COPD in Aging Populations: Insights Into Pathophysiology and Comprehensive Care.
Seminars in Respiratory & Critical CareChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) poses a significant and growing health burden among aging populations, marked by increasing prevalence...
Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Seminars in Respiratory & Critical CarePulmonary hypertension (PH) is a vascular disease characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling and right heart failure. PH related to COPD is a pre...
Neutrophil Elastase Activates Macrophage Calpain as a Mechanism for Phagocytic Failure.
Am J PhysiolNeutrophil elastase (NE), elevated in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway, causes macrophage phagocytic failure. We previously reported that NE increas...
Pulmonary-delivered Anticalin Jagged-1 antagonists reduce experimental airway mucus hyperproduction and obstruction.
Am J PhysiolMucus hypersecretion and mucus obstruction are pathogenic features in many chronic lung diseases directly linked to disease severity, exacerbation,...
Associations of pulmonary microvascular blood volume with per cent emphysema and CT emphysema subtypes in the community: the MESA Lung study.
ThoraxPulmonary microvasculature alterations are implicated in emphysema pathogenesis, but the association between pulmonary microvascular blood volume (PMBV) and emphysema has not been directly assessed at scale, and prior studies have used non-specific measures of emphysema.
The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Lung Study invited participants recruited from the community without renal impairment to undergo contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT. Pulmonary blood volume was calculated by material decomposition; PMBV was defined as blood volume in the peripheral 2 cm of the lung. Non-contrast CT was acquired to assess per cent emphysema and novel CT emphysema subtypes, which include the diffuse emphysema subtype and small-airways-related combined bronchitic-apical emphysema subtype. Generalised linear regression models included age, sex, race/ethnicity, body size, smoking, total lung volume and small airway count.
Among 495 participants, 53% were never-smokers and the race/ethnic distribution was 35% white, 31% black, 15% Hispanic and 18% Asian. Mean PMBV was 352±120 mL; mean per cent emphysema was 4.95±4.75%. Lower PMBV was associated with greater per cent emphysema (-0.90% per 100 mL PMBV, 95% CI: -1.29 to -0.51). The association was of larger magnitude in participants with 10 or more pack-years smoking and airflow obstruction, but present among participants with no smoking history or airflow limitation, and was specific to the diffuse CT emphysema subtype (-1.48% per 100 mL PMBV, 95% CI: -2.31 to -0.55).
In this community-based study, lower PMBV was associated with greater per cent emphysema, including in participants without a smoking history or airflow limitation, and was specific to the diffuse CT emphysema subtype.
Allele-specific micro-RNA-mediated regulation of ADAM33 in childhood allergic asthma.
RespirologyA disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 (ADAM33) is associated with asthma susceptibility, and its genetic variations impact susceptibility and disease severity. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate ADAM33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in childhood asthma susceptibility and explore their regulatory mechanisms.
Eleven selected SNPs in ADAM33 were genotyped and identified the association with asthma susceptibility. In the validation cohort, we measured plasma sADAM33 levels and compared them with disease severity among children with different SNP genotypes. Computational predictions identified miRNAs targeting the SNP, and the impact of the SNP on miRNA regulation was confirmed using a dual luciferase reporter system. Finally, we validated the regulatory role of miRNAs on ADAM33 expression using an in vitro model with upregulated ADAM33 expression.
Only rs3918400 was associated with asthma susceptibility. In the validation cohort, children with allergic asthma exhibited higher plasma sADAM33 levels. Among asthmatic children, those with the rs3918400 CT/TT genotype had higher sADAM33 levels, poorer asthma control, more severe airway hyper-responsiveness, lower FEV1% and higher dust mite-specific IgE activity compared to those with the CC genotype. miR-3928-5p bound strongly to the rs3918400 C allele and effectively reduced ADAM33 protein expression in CC genotype cells. However, the binding affinity of miR-3928-5p to the T allele was weaker, resulting in diminished negative regulation of protein expression.
The rs3918400 SNP affects the negative regulation of ADAM33 by miR-3928-5p, potentially participating in a complex interplay of processes related to childhood asthma susceptibility.
Effects of patient pleural effusion fluids on the BBSome components expression of human benign mesothelial cells.
Am J PhysiolMalignant pleural mesothelial cells are affected by the extracellular milieu while such data on benign cells are scarce. Benign cells sense the extracellular environment with the Primary Cilium (PC) and its molecular complex, the BBSome, is critical for this process. Here we aimed at assessing the changes in BBSome genes expression in ordinary 2D and spheroid 3D cell cultures after incubation with pleural effusion fluids (PF) of several etiologies.
Benign human mesothelial cells MeT-5A were incubated with PF from patients with mesothelioma (Meso-PF), breast cancer (BrCa-PF), hemothorax (Hemo-PF) and congestive heart failure (CHF-PF). Gene expression of BBS1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 18 was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to monitor PF-induced gene expression changes. MeT-5A cell migration using the PC-modulating drugs ammonium sulfate (AS) and lithium chloride (LC) during PF incubation was also determined.
BBSome gene expression upon influence of BrCa-PF and Hemo-PF was more pronounced in 2D compared to 3D, inducing global changes in 2D. CHF-PF and Meso-PF also induced changes in 2D but not as many, while in all cases MeT-5A grown in 3D were more resistant to the effects of the PF. Meso-PF decreased 2D cell migration, while the disturbance of PC in all PF cases resulted in decreased cell migration.
These data suggest distinct BBSome molecular profile changes in benign mesothelial cells exposed to malignant and benign PF, in each case, in both 2D and 3D. Cell migration is sensitive to drug disturbance with PC modulators in PF-exposed cells.
Nanoparticles to Target Asthma.
Am J PhysiolAsthma is a heterogenous chronic lung disease that affects nearly 340 million people globally. Airway hyperresponsiveness, remodeling (thickening, ...
The effect of adrenalectomy on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
Am J PhysiolProgressive lung fibrosis is often fatal and has limited treatment options. Though the mechanisms are poorly understood, fibrosis is increasingly l...
