The latest medical research on Molecular Genetic Pathology

The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about molecular genetic pathology gathered by our medical AI research bot.

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Regional differences in the ultrastructure of mucosal macrophages in the rat large intestine.

Cell and Tissue Research

We previously clarified the histological characteristics of macrophages in the rat small intestine using serial block-face scanning electron micros...

KDELR2 promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation via GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Cell and Tissue Research

Nonunion is a challenging complication of fractures for the surgeon. Recently the Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) endoplasmic reticulum protein retention re...

APOE4 genotype and aging impair injury-induced microglial behavior in brain slices, including toward Aβ, through P2RY12.

Molecular Neurodegeneration

Microglia are highly dynamic cells that play a critical role in tissue homeostasis through the surveillance of brain parenchyma and response to cue...

Updates on mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

Molecular Neurodegeneration

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States (US). Animal models, specifically mouse models have been...

GBA1 inactivation in oligodendrocytes affects myelination and induces neurodegenerative hallmarks and lipid dyshomeostasis in mice.

Molecular Neurodegeneration

Mutations in the β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene do cause the lysosomal storage Gaucher disease (GD) and are among the most frequent genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). So far, studies on both neuronopathic GD and PD primarily focused on neuronal manifestations, besides the evaluation of microglial and astrocyte implication. White matter alterations were described in the central nervous system of paediatric type 1 GD patients and were suggested to sustain or even play a role in the PD process, although the contribution of oligodendrocytes has been so far scarcely investigated.

We exploited a system to study the induction of central myelination in vitro, consisting of Oli-neu cells treated with dibutyryl-cAMP, in order to evaluate the expression levels and function of β-glucocerebrosidase during oligodendrocyte differentiation. Conduritol-B-epoxide, a β-glucocerebrosidase irreversible inhibitor was used to dissect the impact of β-glucocerebrosidase inactivation in the process of myelination, lysosomal degradation and α-synuclein accumulation in vitro. Moreover, to study the role of β-glucocerebrosidase in the white matter in vivo, we developed a novel mouse transgenic line in which β-glucocerebrosidase function is abolished in myelinating glia, by crossing the Cnp1-cre mouse line with a line bearing loxP sequences flanking Gba1 exons 9-11, encoding for β-glucocerebrosidase catalytic domain. Immunofluorescence, western blot and lipidomic analyses were performed in brain samples from wild-type and knockout animals in order to assess the impact of genetic inactivation of β-glucocerebrosidase on myelination and on the onset of early neurodegenerative hallmarks, together with differentiation analysis in primary oligodendrocyte cultures.

Here we show that β-glucocerebrosidase inactivation in oligodendrocytes induces lysosomal dysfunction and inhibits myelination in vitro. Moreover, oligodendrocyte-specific β-glucocerebrosidase loss-of-function was sufficient to induce in vivo demyelination and early neurodegenerative hallmarks, including axonal degeneration, α-synuclein accumulation and astrogliosis, together with brain lipid dyshomeostasis and functional impairment.

Our study sheds light on the contribution of oligodendrocytes in GBA1-related diseases and supports the need for better characterizing oligodendrocytes as actors playing a role in neurodegenerative diseases, also pointing at them as potential novel targets to set a brake to disease progression.

C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 regulates prostaglandin synthesis and embryo attachment of the bovine endometrium during implantation.

Cell and Tissue Research

C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) has been reported to be expressed in the bovine endometrium during pregnancy. However, the details of its funct...

Dynamic relationship among extracellular matrix and body wall cells in Hirudo verbana morphogenesis.

Cell and Tissue Research

A great bulk of recent experimental evidence suggests the key role of the complex crosstalk between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cellular...

The application and development of electron microscopy for three-dimensional reconstruction in life science: a review.

Cell and Tissue Research

Imaging technologies have played a pivotal role in advancing biological research by enabling visualization of biological structures and processes. ...

Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells activate sebocytes through the PI3K/AKT/SREBP-1 pathway to accelerate wound healing.

Cell and Tissue Research

Sebocyte regeneration after injury is considered a key element of functional skin repair. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-EXO) acce...

Anatomical changes of Tenebrio molitor and Tribolium castaneum during complete metamorphosis.

Cell and Tissue Research

In holometabolous insects, extensive reorganisation of tissues and cells occurs at the pupal stage. The remodelling of the external exoskeleton and...

Tissue distribution of cysteine string protein/DNAJC5 in C. elegans analysed by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated tagging of endogenous DNJ-14.

Cell and Tissue Research

Cysteine string protein (CSP) is a member of the DnaJ/Hsp40 family of molecular chaperones. CSP is enriched in neurons, where it mainly localises t...