The latest medical research on Dentistry

The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about dentistry gathered by our medical AI research bot.

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Biocompatibility and bioactive potential of NeoPUTTY calcium silicate-based cement: An in vivo study in rats.

Endodontics

To evaluate the inflammatory reaction and the ability to induce mineralization activity of a new repair material, NeoPUTTY (NPutty; NuSmile, USA), in comparison with Bio-C Repair (BC; Angelus, Brazil) and MTA Repair HP (MTA HP; Angelus, Brazil).

Polyethylene tubes were filled with materials or kept empty (control group, CG) and implanted in subcutaneous tissue of rats for 7, 15, 30, and 60 days (n = 6/group). Capsule thickness, number of inflammatory cells (ICs), fibroblasts, collagen content, and von Kossa analysis were performed. Unstained sections were evaluated under polarized light and by immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin (OCN). Data were submitted to two-way anova followed by Tukey's test (p ≤ .05), except for OCN. OCN data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn and Friedman post hoc tests followed by the Nemenyi test at a significance level of 5%.

At 7, 15, and 30 days, thick capsules containing numerous ICs were seen around the materials. At 60 days, a moderate inflammatory reaction was observed for NPutty, BC while MTA HP presented thin capsules with moderate inflammatory cells. In all periods, NPutty specimens contained the highest values of ICs (p < .05). From 7 to 60 days, the number of ICs reduced significantly while an increase in the number of fibroblasts and birefringent collagen content was observed. At 7 and 15 days, no significant difference was observed in the immunoexpression of OCN (p > .05). At 30 and 60 days, NPutty showed the lowest values of OCN (p < .05). At 60 days, a similar immunoexpression was observed for BC and MTA HP (p > .05). In all time intervals, capsules around NPutty, BC, and MTA HP showed von Kossa-positive and birefringent structures.

Despite the greater inflammatory reaction promoted by NeoPutty than BC and MTA HP, the reduction in the thickness of capsules, the increase in the number of fibroblasts, and the reduction in the number of ICs indicate that this bioceramic material is biocompatible Furthermore, NeoPutty presents the ability to induce mineralization activity.

Investigation of polymorphisms in BMP2, BMP4, SMAD6 and RUNX2 genes and pulp stones.

Australian Endodontic Journal

This study aimed to assess the association between genetic polymorphisms in BMP2 (rs1005464 and rs235768), BMP4 (rs17563), SMAD6 (rs2119261 and rs3...

Influence of implant design and length on stress distribution in immediately loaded implants in posterior maxilla - A two-dimensional finite element analysis.

Journal of Indian Society of

The aim of this two dimensional (2D) finite element analysis study was to evaluate the influence of implant design (step and tapered) and length on stress distribution at bone implant interface, when placed in maxillary posterior bone under immediate loading protocol.

2D finite element models were developed to simulate the two types of implant designs, i.e., Tapered and step implants of 3.75-mm - Diameter and 6 and 10 mm lengths, respectively. Maxillary posterior bone quality (D4 bone) was simulated with a very thin cortical bone (0.5 mm) for the placement of implants. The respective material properties were assigned. The implant designs incorporated microthreads at the crestal part and rest of the implant body incorporated Acme threads. Forces of 100 Newtons were applied vertically and in oblique direction (at an angle of 45°) to long axis of the implants. Total deformation (micromovements), stresses and strains were evaluated at the bone implant interface.

The results of micromovements, stresses and strains were found to be lower for long implants as compared to short implants. Also, all the values were found to be higher for oblique loads as compared to vertical loads. The von mises stress values were highest for 6 mm step implants and lowest for 10 mm step implants.

In the presence of low bone density with optimal bone height, standard diameter long step implants can be used. Incorporation of microthreads at the crestal portion and acme threads for body portion of the implant presents a good option to be used under immediate loading protocol.

Comparative analysis of platelet-rich fibrin membrane and 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel on healing following gingival depigmentation procedure.

Journal of Indian Society of

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) accelerates wound healing by promoting faster cicatricial tissue remodeling and excellent neovascularization. Hyaluronic acid (HA) being biocompatible, anti-inflammatory, and proangiogenic leads to improvement in the rate of wound healing.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of PRF membrane and 0.2% HA gel on wounds after gingival depigmentation surgery.

This study was carried out on 30 systemically healthy individuals recruited from the pool of patients who visited the department of periodontology. After depigmentation procedure in every patient, the sites were divided into three even groups. Group A received PRF membrane and periodontal dressing, Group B received 0.2% HA gel application and periodontal dressing, and Group C served as a control group in which only periodontal dressing was placed. The individuals were evaluated for the healing index (HI) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) on the 3rd and 5th day. Epithelialization test (ET) was performed on the 5th day. Gingival biotype was reassessed and compared to preoperative value after 3 months. The clinical trial was expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation. Intra-group comparison and inter-group comparison were done through the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test. All statistical tests were performed through SPSS version 25.0 (IBM).

The inter-group statistical analysis concerning NRS, HI, and ET showed statistically significant results in Groups A and B compared to Group C (P < 0.05), while gingival biotype showed statistically significant results in Group A compared to Groups B and C.

The use of PRF membrane and HA gel to protect the raw wound site of depigmented gingiva proved to be an effective approach, resulting in faster healing.

Autologous tooth bone graft block compared with advanced platelet-rich fibrin in alveolar ridge preservation: A clinico-radiographic study.

Journal of Indian Society of

To determine the clinico-radiographic efficiency of partially demineralized dentin matrix block (PDDM block), a mixture of PDDM with advanced-platelet-rich fibrin+ (A-PRF+) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin versus A-PRF+ alone in alveolar socket preservation.

Sixteen molar teeth indicated for extraction were randomly assigned into two groups. For the test group, sockets were packed with PDDM block and control group, with A-PRF+ plug alone. Clinical and radiographic cone-beam computed tomography methods were used to assess the horizontal and vertical ridge dimensional changes at baseline and 4 months.

Clinically, the mid buccal and palatal crestal height (10.25 ± 0.86 and 9.75 ± 0.28 mm) and alveolar ridge width (11.37 ± 0.25 mm) were significantly higher in the test group as compared to the control group, 4 months after tooth extraction (P < 0.01). Radiographically, there was improved apposition and nonsignificant resorption for the test group in ridge height and width, whereas statistically significant higher resorption was seen in the control group at 4 months.

The application of the PDDM block demonstrated efficacy in maintaining the dimensions of the extraction socket when compared to A-PRF+ alone. This autologous and immune-free regenerative biomaterial is widely obtainable, offering a glimpse into the potential of next-generation biofuels for regeneration.

In vivo efficacy of 2% povidone iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate, and herbal extract mouthwash on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: A randomized clinical trial.

Journal of Indian Society of

One of the major techniques to reduce the transmission rate of COVID-19 would be to decrease the viral titers of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva of infected patients and it is particularly useful in a dental setting. The present study evaluated the change in salivary viral load of COVID-19 patients using povidone iodine (PI), chlorhexidine (CHX), and an herbal extract (RightSure®) oral antiviral herbal mouthwash (HM) at clinically recommended duration and concentrations.

Thirty individuals with SARS-CoV-2 were randomly allocated to three groups: (1) Group 1, PI mouthwash; (2) Group 2, CHX mouthwash; and (3) Group 3, HM mouthwash. A baseline salivary throat sample was collected from all the participants who were later instructed to rinse with their respective mouthwash for 30 s. A second salivary sample was collected 30 min after rinsing. The SARS-CoV-2 viral load was analyzed using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction wherein the cyclic threshold (Ct) values were evaluated.

Independent t-test analysis reported a statistically significant difference concerning the PI group (before-after comparison) (P < 0.05). The rest of the two study groups failed to report any significant difference in the nucleocapsid gene and open reading frame 1a gene levels.

While all three types of mouthwash increased the Ct values, a statistically significant difference was observed with PI mouthwash, indicating that it might potentially reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, especially via aerosol but further studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up periods are required to investigate this relationship.

Evaluation and comparison of three-dimensional finite element analysis of stress distribution in immediately placed and loaded conventional and customized three-dimensional printed dental implants.

Journal of Indian Society of

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the stress distribution patterns in immediately placed and loaded conventional and customized three-dimensional (3D) printed dental implants by 3D finite element analysis.

Twelve 3D finite element models [Group A-3 models; Group B-9 models] with 72 test conditions which were modeled and compared from customized 3D printed dental implants [Group A] and 3 commercially available implant systems [Group B] (Straumann, Ankylos, and Astratech) using "SolidWorks". All models were embedded in extraction socket models of the maxillary central incisor (CI) and Canine (C), Mandibular 1st Premolar. An occlusal loading by axial and nonaxial force of 100 N and 150 N at 30° and 45° was applied on the abutment using the "ANSYS" Suite. Customized 3D printed dental implant (Group A) for maxilla (Max.) CI, Max. C, and mandibular 1st premolar (PM) socket model was compared with three commercial available dental implant systems (Group B) for Max. CI, Max. C, and mandible (Mand.) 1st PM socket model to understand the stress distribution patterns.

With increasing oblique loads, von Mises stresses were reduced for the customized group as compared to conventional implants. Increased axial loads caused proportionate increase in the stresses for both groups, yet remained under the physiologic limits in all test conditions. Higher stresses were observed in cortical bone than in cancellous bone at bone-implant contact in general. Marked reduction in von Mises stress was observed at the boundary between compact and cancellous bone. Customized 3D printed implants performed better for oblique loads and comparable for axial load stress distribution in comparison to conventional implant systems in Max. CI and C, Mand. 1st PM.

Thus, customized 3D printed implants appear a promising alternative for immediately placed immediately loaded protocols, with additional benefits in specific clinical situations.

Zimmermann-Laband syndrome-associated hereditary gingival fibromatosis.

Journal of Indian Society of

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is an uncommon slow-growing fibrous overgrowth characterized by connective tissue accumulation. It presents ...

Tilapia fish waste: An asset for tissue engineering - A review.

Journal of Indian Society of

Fisheries and aquaculture output have exploded due to an alarming increase in consumption due to the global understanding of the nutritional advant...

Association of pentraxin in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease.

Journal of Indian Society of

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a biomarker, associated with the pathogenesis of Periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD) individually, but their role in patients with both diseases remains unclear. The current study aims to evaluate the association of PTX in patients with concomitant periodontitis and CAD.

In a case-control study, 240 participants were selected and divided into four groups. Nonperiodontitis + noncardiac = 60 patients, periodontitis + noncardiac (P + NC) = 60 patients, nonperiodontitis + cardiac (NP + C) = 60 patients, periodontitis + cardiac (P + C) = 60 patients. Demographic variables, cardiac and periodontal parameters were recorded. PTX was evaluated in the subgingival plaque and atheromatous plaque samples using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared between the groups. The results were statistically analyzed.

Among the demographic variables, age showed a significant difference between the groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, and random blood sugar were significantly higher in NP + C and P + C groups (P ≤ 0.05). The plaque index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were significantly higher in P + NC and P + C groups (P ≤ 0.05). PTX was significantly elevated in P + C group (P = 0.000). Pearson's correlation revealed a significant correlation between the periodontal parameters and PTX in both the cardiac and oral samples.

PTX3 levels were elevated in CAD patients with periodontitis suggesting the influence of periodontal inflammation in the progression of CAD. PTX3 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for both periodontitis and CAD. This study could provide an understanding and awareness about the potential role of PTX3 in both periodontitis and CAD.

Alterations in macrophage polarization play a key role in control and development of periodontal diseases.

Journal of Indian Society of

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by complex interplays between a dysbiotic oral microbiome and a dysregulated host inflammato...

Salivary levels of NLRP3 protein are significantly raised in chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies.

Journal of Indian Society of

To date, there is no confirmatory diagnostic test that can identify the type of periodontal disease and the disease progress. With the advent of "molecular biomarkers," this systematic review and meta-analysis were designed with the sole purpose of identifying a novel biomarker, namely, nucleotide leucine rich repeat pyrin protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome which has already been extensively researched for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Only case observational studies that evaluated the presence of human NLRP3 inflammasome in the saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis with no overlying systemic disease and compared the same to healthy patients to obtain quantitative data that can be statistically analyzed were included. The confirmatory test used in all the studies was the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The broad-based search led to a total of three articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria so that a meta-analysis of the results could be carried out. Data reveal that NLRP3 levels are raised in chronic periodontitis cases (P = 0.05; relative risk = 1.05 [0.00-2.09]). The risk of bias assessment was carried out according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist where ten-point criteria were outlined indicating a low risk of bias for three studies.

NLPR3 inflammasome could be tested as a reliable biomarker in saliva to identify the type and progress of the periodontal disease.