The latest medical research on Gynecologic Oncology

The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about gynecologic oncology gathered by our medical AI research bot.

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Liquid biopsy for breast cancer and other solid tumors: a review of recent advances.

Breast Cancer

Liquid biopsy using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been reported to be less invasive and effective for comprehensive genetic analysis of heterog...

The role of the BTLA-HVEM complex in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is widely recognized as a prevalent contributor to cancer mortality and ranks as the second most prevalent form of cancer among ...

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Loaded With a Variety of Plant Extracts: Novel Model in Breast Cancer Therapy.

Breast Cancer

Despite recent improvements in detecting and managing breast cancer (BC), it continues to be a major worldwide health concern that annually affects...

Comprehensive Young Age Breast Cancer registry from clinical, genomics, and patient-reported outcomes measured with 15 years follow-up: the CHARM cohort profile.

Breast Cancer

In recognition of the distinct clinical challenges and research gaps in young breast cancer (YBC) patients, we established the Comprehensive Young Age Breast Cancer (CHARM) registry to collect prospective data.

This prospective cohort included patients who were newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed breast cancer without prior treatment at the Samsung Medical Center (SMC) in April 2013. We included patients who were either 40 years old or younger at the time of diagnosis, pregnant at breast cancer diagnosis or diagnosed with breast cancer within 1 year of delivery. All data were collected using Medidata's Rave Electronic Data. Clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Two experienced pathologists reviewed the pathologic data. Bone mineral densitometry tests have been conducted annually. To obtain multi-omics data, tumor tissues and blood samples were prospectively collected from consenting patients in the registry during surgery. The fertility-related factor also collected collaborated with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Anti-Müllerian hormone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels were measured using an additional blood sample from baseline to last follow-up. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using mobile questionnaires.

A total of 1868 participants were included in the SMC YBC study. The average (standard deviation) age was 35.57 (3.79) and 99.8% of the participants were premenopausal. Among them, 1062 participants completed the PRO questionnaires.

The SMC YBC cohort serves as a comprehensive registry for YBC to optimize care and improve knowledge regarding the management of YBC.

Enhancing radiosensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer through targeting ELOB.

Breast Cancer

Enhancing radiotherapy sensitivity is crucial for improving treatment outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. In this study, we ...

A prospective comparison study utilizing patient-reported outcomes of taxane-related peripheral neuropathy between nab-paclitaxel and standard paclitaxel in patients with breast cancer.

Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND: Characteristics of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (PN) could be different between paclitaxel and nab-paclitaxel. The purpose of this prospective observational multicenter cohort study was to compare tri-weekly nab-paclitaxel to weekly standard paclitaxel regarding the severity, onset and recovery of sensory and motor PN in patients with breast cancer.

Patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer who were scheduled to receive standard weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) or tri-weekly nab-paclitaxel (260 mg/m2) at institutions in our multicenter group were eligible for this study. Sensory and motor PN were evaluated every 3 weeks until PN improved for up to one year using patient-reported outcome.

Between February 2011 and April 2013, 115 patients were enrolled, including 57 and 58 in the paclitaxel and nab-paclitaxel groups, respectively. The incidence of moderate or severe sensory PN was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.40). The incidence of moderate or higher motor PN was more frequent in the nab-paclitaxel group than in the paclitaxel group (p = 0.048). The median period for demonstrating PN were shorter in the nab-paclitaxel group than in the paclitaxel group (sensory, p = 0.003; motor, p = 0.001). The recovery of motor PN was slower in the nab-paclitaxel group than in the paclitaxel group (p = 0.035), while the recovery period of sensory PN was not statistically different.

Nab-paclitaxel induced sensory PN sooner than paclitaxel, and no difference was observed in the severity and recovery duration between the two agents. Motor PN was more severe, started sooner, and improved over a longer period in the nab-paclitaxel-treated patients than in the paclitaxel-treated patients.

Correlation between postoperative treatment selection and prognosis determined using the Oncotype DX® test data: a retrospective multicenter study in Japan.

Breast Cancer

Oncotype DX® is a frequently used multigene assay for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. However, limited evidence is available regarding its application in Japan owing to the lack of insurance coverage. Therefore, we conducted this large-scale, retrospective study by collecting data from nine Japanese institutes and assessed postoperative treatment choice and prognosis by using Oncotype DX®.

Six hundred thirty-two patients who underwent breast surgery and whose recurrence score (RS) data were available were included. They were divided into RS 0-25 and RS ≥ 26 groups. The groups were compared in terms of clinicopathological factors, treatment options, and prognosis.

After the median follow-up period of 10.1 years, the disease-free survival (DFS) rates were significantly better in the RS 0-25 group (p = 0.02). Per the recurrent event type, there was no significant intergroup difference in locoregional recurrence (p = 0.139). However, a trend toward better distant DFS was observed in the RS 0-25 group (p = 0.08). Overall survival was also significantly better in this group (p = 0.027). Considering chemotherapy use, DFS worsened among chemotherapy-treated patients with an RS of 0-25 and those with an RS ≥ 26 who did not receive chemotherapy (p < 0.001). Seven (1.35%) chemotherapy-treated patients with an RS of 0-25 showed disease recurrence.

This study presents the largest database-derived prognostic data in Japanese patients, utilizing the Oncotype DX® treatment selection. Further studies are needed to determine the impact on treatment choice, considering the clinical risk, and the need for additional postoperative treatment.

Deep learning model to predict Ki-67 expression of breast cancer using digital breast tomosynthesis.

Breast Cancer

Developing a deep learning (DL) model for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images to predict Ki-67 expression.

The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for informed consent from the patients. Initially, 499 patients (mean age: 50.5 years, range: 29-90 years) referred to our hospital for breast cancer were participated, 126 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer were selected and their Ki-67 expression measured. The Xception architecture was used in the DL model to predict Ki-67 expression levels. The high Ki-67 vs low Ki-67 expression diagnostic performance of our DL model was assessed by accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and by using sub-datasets divided by the radiological characteristics of breast cancer.

The average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 0.912, 0.629, 0.985, and 0.883, respectively. The AUC of the four subgroups separated by radiological findings for the mass, calcification, distortion, and focal asymmetric density sub-datasets were 0.890, 0.750, 0.870, and 0.660, respectively.

Our results suggest the potential application of our DL model to predict the expression of Ki-67 using DBT, which may be useful for preoperatively determining the treatment strategy for breast cancer.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low advanced or metastatic breast cancer: recommendations from the Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Breast Cancer

The Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guidelines are published as timely guidance on clinical issues in breast cancer treatment in J...

Efficacy and feasibility of the RADA16 self-assembling peptide, PuraStat® for haemostasis in laparoscopic gynaecological surgery: A pilot study.

Australian and New Zealand Journal

Bleeding after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery remains a potential complication. We assessed RADA16 (PuraStat®), a topical self-assembling pept...

'I was able to make a better decision about my health.' Wāhine experiences of colposcopy at a marae-based health clinic: A qualitative study.

Australian and New Zealand Journal

Equitable access to colposcopy services is required if we are to realise the benefit of the introduction of human papilloma virus (HPV) screening in Aotearoa New Zealand. We piloted a community colposcopy clinic, co-located at an urban marae health clinic.

To describe the experiences of wāhine (women) attending the marae-based colposcopy clinic.

An in-depth reflexive thematic analysis from 34 people's accounts was undertaken.

Five themes were identified from the experiences of wāhine attending the clinic. Three themes related to how having a local clinic supported access: everyone was welcoming and friendly, the environment was familiar and non-clinical and the clinic was accessible. The fourth theme related to how this contributed to agency. A fifth theme relates to wāhine views about informing the ongoing provision of colposcopy services. The experiences reflected the principles and values practised at the marae health clinic. Wāhine described feeling cared for as soon as they entered the clinic. As the clinic was local, and for some based at their marae, it was a known space where they knew the experience would be safe. Whānau were welcome with spaces for children to play. Being local meant there were fewer logistics to manage, all of which supported access.

Prioritising wāhine through the provision of culturally safe and accessible colposcopy is feasible. It has the potential to contribute to the elimination of cervical cancer in Aotearoa, New Zealand.

Colposcopy performance in the new primary HPV screening in Australia: How to determine colposcopy competency?

Australian and New Zealand Journal

To assess colposcopic performance and determine indicators for competency within the new Australian primary human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical screening program.

A retrospective observational study of 4542 women seen at The Royal Women's Hospital Colposcopy Clinic in Melbourne, from 1 December 2017 to 31 July 2020 after a higher-risk cervical screening test (CST) result.

Histological CIN2+ was detected in 25.1% up to two years from first colposcopy visit (FCV). The majority (86.7%) of CIN2+ was detected early within the first six months of presentation. Biopsy rate overall was 96.1% with abnormal colposcopic impression. Of four colposcopists with a lower biopsy rate, only one was able to achieve this early detection rate. Biopsy was also taken in over 30% of cases with negative reflex cytology and normal colposcopy, with CIN2+ detected in 5.0% among positive HPV16/18 and 3.8% with non-16/18 HPV. Positive predictive value of high-grade colposcopic impression at FCV averaged 66.4% (range: 54.9-81.6% among our colposcopists) and is poorly correlated with early detection rate of CIN2+. Overall accuracy of colposcopy is 84.5% (range: 78.7-90.3%), buoyed by high true negative colposcopic predictions secondary to high rates of negative reflex cytology referral with the new screening algorithm and is also unlikely to be a useful colposcopy indicator.

Early detection rate of CIN2+ within the first six months of presentation is a useful measure of colposcopy competency and we would encourage our National Cancer Screening Register to explore this with the participating colposcopists.