The latest medical research on Dermatological Immunology
The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about dermatological immunology gathered by our medical AI research bot.
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Request AccessVulval dermatoses: A review of referrals to dermatology.
Australasian Journal of DermatologyWe undertook a retrospective observational review of patients referred to a tertiary dermatology department with vulval complaints over 12 months. ...
General practitioner prescription patterns for atopic eczema in children-Are they affected by telemedicine advice?
Australasian Journal of DermatologyTraditionally, patients presenting to primary care with severe eczema would be referred to a dermatology clinic for an in-person specialist appoint...
Paediatric indications and dosing guidance for advanced targeted treatments in Australia.
Australasian Journal of DermatologyAs with adults, paediatric patients may benefit from a number of advanced targeted therapies for inflammatory skin disease. This brief report aims ...
Features of tattoo-associated cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia on reflectance confocal microscopy and line-field confocal optical coherence tomography.
Australasian Journal of DermatologyThe popularity of tattoos has led to an increase in associated skin reactions, including complications such as infection, allergic reactions and ra...
Local injection of micro-dose guselkumab for palmoplantar pustulosis after partial failure of systemic ixekizumab treatment.
Australasian Journal of DermatologyWe present a palmoplantar pustulosis case partially resistant to systemic IL-17A inhibitor (ixekizumab) treatment, and then receiving a local injec...
Cases with the H syndrome presenting with skin and bone findings.
Australasian Journal of DermatologyThe H syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis and sensorineural hearing loss.
A mutation in the coding of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (hENT3) within the SLC29A3 gene on chromosome 10q22 leads to the manifestation of this disease. In this report, we present two cases of H syndrome.
The first patient exhibits hyperpigmentation, hypogonadism, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, arthritis and osteoporosis. The second patient experiences hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, osteopenia and hypogonadism.
Our objective is to broaden the clinical spectrum of H syndrome, highlighting the involvement of arthritis, hyperinflammation and low bone mineral density in individuals with this disorder.
Effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy of teledermatology for the assessment of skin conditions.
Australasian Journal of DermatologyTeledermatology provides a platform for swift specialist advice without the potential need for face-to-face review. Our objectives were to investigate the effectiveness, accuracy and diagnostic concordance of the platform with regard to the remote management of skin conditions.
We undertook a single-centre, retrospective chart review over a 1-year period, comprising a total of 1703 teledermatology referrals. Two physicians independently assessed the diagnostic concordance between telederm diagnosis (TD), in-person diagnosis (ID) and histopathological diagnosis (HD).
There were a total of 1703 TD referrals, of which 341 were rejected, leaving 1362 referrals for evaluation. Sixty-five per cent of these referrals were managed remotely and discharged with advice, although 4.6% of these were later re-referred for an in-person review. A total of 20% of referrals were rejected, of which the majority was due to a lack of appropriate imaging. The total concordance of TD compared to ID was 76.4%. When comparing the TD and ID/HD, we obtained a Kappa value of 0.636 indicating substantial agreement. In terms of accuracy, there were 49 biopsy-proven skin cancers picked up by the service in this cohort of data. Of these, 61.2% were given an accurate diagnosis on first impression via teledermatology, 14.3% were given a different diagnosis but correctly categorised as skin cancer and 24.5% could not be assessed; however, they were triaged and escalated based upon clinical suspicion.
Our study demonstrates that teledermatology is an effective platform in terms of diagnosis and remote management, with adequate diagnostic accuracy and concordance to in-person diagnosis.
Successful infliximab treatment in siblings with Netherton syndrome: Unveiling a novel SPINK5 gene variant and literature review.
Australasian Journal of DermatologyNetherton syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis. In this article, we present two siblings with NS who harbour a novel variant ...
Minimum labelling requirements for dermatology artificial intelligence-based Software as Medical Device (SaMD): A consensus statement.
Australasian Journal of DermatologyArtificial intelligence (AI) holds remarkable potential to improve care delivery in dermatology. End users (health professionals and general public) of AI-based Software as Medical Devices (SaMD) require relevant labelling information to ensure that these devices can be used appropriately. Currently, there are no clear minimum labelling requirements for dermatology AI-based SaMDs.
Common labelling recommendations for AI-based SaMD identified in a recent literature review were evaluated by an Australian expert panel in digital health and dermatology via a modified Delphi consensus process. A nine-point Likert scale was used to indicate importance of 10 items, and voting was conducted to determine the specific characteristics to include for some items. Consensus was achieved when more than 75% of the experts agreed that inclusion of information was necessary.
There was robust consensus supporting inclusion of all proposed items as minimum labelling requirements; indication for use, intended user, training and test data sets, algorithm design, image processing techniques, clinical validation, performance metrics, limitations, updates and adverse events. Nearly all suggested characteristics of the labelling items received endorsement, except for some characteristics related to performance metrics. Moreover, there was consensus that uniform labelling criteria should apply across all AI categories and risk classes set out by the Therapeutic Goods Administration.
This study provides critical evidence for setting labelling standards by the Therapeutic Goods Administration to safeguard patients, health professionals, consumers, industry, and regulatory bodies from AI-based dermatology SaMDs that do not currently provide adequate information about how they were developed and tested.
Investigating causal relationships between the gut microbiota and inflammatory skin diseases: A Mendelian randomization study.
Australasian Journal of DermatologyNumerous inflammatory skin diseases are associated with the gut microbiota. Studies of the association between gut microbiota and inflammatory skin diseases have yielded conflicting results owing to confounding factors, and the causal relationship between them remains undetermined.
Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to examine the association between gut microbiota and four common inflammatory skin diseases: acne, psoriasis, urticaria and atopic dermatitis. The summary statistics of the gut microbiota from the largest available genome-wide association study meta-analysis (n = 13,266) conducted by the MiBioGen consortium along with the summary statistics of the four diseases were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. Causal relationships were assessed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger and maximum likelihood methods, and several sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the accuracy of the results. Finally, reverse and multivariable MR analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the results.
We found causal associations of Bacteroidaceae [odds ratio (OR), 2.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48-3.42; pivw = 0.0001], Allisonella (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18-1.70; pivw = 0.0002) and Bacteroides (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.48-3.42; pivw = 0.0001) with acne, the Eubacterium fissicatena group with psoriasis (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10-1.35; pivw = 0.0002) and Intestinibacter with urticaria (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13-1.45; pivw = 0.0001). These results were corrected for a false discovery rate. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the associations and reverse MR confirmed that the results were not influenced by the reverse effect.
Our study revealed that some gut microbiota are risk factors for inflammatory skin diseases, providing new information on potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, a possible association with the gut-skin axis was confirmed. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these relationships.
Adult genital psoriasis: An updated review for clinicians.
Australasian Journal of DermatologyGenital psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that has been reported in up to 63% of patients with psoriasis on other parts of their s...
Alterations in epidermal stem cells within the pilosebaceous unit in atrophic acne scars.
Australasian Journal of DermatologyAtrophic acne scarring is a common sequela of inflammatory acne, causing significant problems for affected patients. Although prolonged inflammation and subsequent aberrant tissue regeneration are considered the underlying pathogenesis, the role of epidermal stem cells, which are crucial to the regeneration of pilosebaceous units, remains unknown.
To examine the changes occurring in epidermal stem cells in atrophic acne scars.
Changes in collagen, elastic fibre and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression were analysed in normal skin and inflammatory acne lesions at days 1, 3 and 7 after development. The expression of epidermal stem cell markers and proliferation markers was compared between normal skin and mature atrophic acne scar tissue.
In acne lesions, inflammation had invaded into pilosebaceous units over time. Their normal structure had been destructed and replaced with a reduced amount of collagen and elastic fibre. Expression of stem cell markers including CD34, p63, leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor (LGR)6 and LGR5, which are expressed in the interfollicular epidermis, isthmus and bulge of hair follicles, significantly decreased in atrophic acne scar tissue compared to normal skin. Epidermal proliferation was significantly reduced in scar tissue.
These findings suggest that as inflammatory acne lesions progress, inflammation gradually infiltrates the pilosebaceous unit and affects the resident stem cells. This disruption impedes the normal regeneration of the interfollicular epidermis and adnexal structures, resulting in atrophic acne scars.