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The latest medical research on Technology

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Deep learning automatically assesses 2-µm laser-induced skin damage OCT images.

Lasers in Medical Science

The present study proposed a noninvasive, automated, in vivo assessment method based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and deep learning techni...

A meta-analysis: laparoscopic versus open liver resection for large hepatocellular carcinoma.

Minim Invasive Ther

The indication of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) for treating large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial. In this study, we compared the short-term and long-term outcomes of LLR and open liver resection (OLR) for large HCC.

We searched eligible articles about LLR versus OLR for large HCC in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE and performed a meta-analysis.

Eight publications involving 1,338 patients were included. Among them, 495 underwent LLR and 843 underwent OLR. The operation time was longer in the LLR group (MD: 22.23, 95% CI: 4.14-40.33, p = 0.02). but the postoperative hospital stay time was significantly shorter (MD : -4.88, CI: -5.55 to -4.23, p < 0.00001), and the incidence of total postoperative complications and major complications were significantly fewer (OR: 0.49, 95% CI:0.37-0.66, p < 0.00001; OR: 0.54, 95% CI:0.36 - 0.82, p = 0.003, respectively). Patients in the laparoscopic group had no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative transfusion rate, resection margin size, R0 resection rate, three-year overall survival (OS) and three-year disease-free survival (DFS).

LLR for large HCC is safe and feasible. This surgical strategy will not affect the long-term outcomes of patients.

Prediction of remaining surgery duration in laparoscopic videos based on visual saliency and the transformer network.

Int J Med

Real-time prediction of the remaining surgery duration (RSD) is important for optimal scheduling of resources in the operating room.

We focus on the intraoperative prediction of RSD from laparoscopic video. An extensive evaluation of seven common deep learning models, a proposed one based on the Transformer architecture (TransLocal) and four baseline approaches, is presented. The proposed pipeline includes a CNN-LSTM for feature extraction from salient regions within short video segments and a Transformer with local attention mechanisms.

Using the Cholec80 dataset, TransLocal yielded the best performance (mean absolute error (MAE) = 7.1 min). For long and short surgeries, the MAE was 10.6 and 4.4 min, respectively. Thirty minutes before the end of surgery MAE = 6.2 min, 7.2 and 5.5 min for all long and short surgeries, respectively.

The proposed technique achieves state-of-the-art results. In the future, we aim to incorporate intraoperative indicators and pre-operative data.

Fragile hands: targeting nonmelanoma skin cancer on older hands using 595 nm pulsed dye laser.

Lasers in Medical Science

The mainstay of treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) on thin skin remains surgical, but procedures on older hands may be complicated by skin fragility and dermal atrophy. Used without cooling, 595 nm (nm) pulsed dye laser (PDL) has the capability of destroying NMSC through nonspecific thermal necrosis. The purpose of this study was to understand recurrence of NMSC on dorsal hands of older patients after one or two treatments using 595 nm PDL.

A retrospective chart review identified 147 cases of NMSC located on the dorsal hands treated with 595 nm PDL. Cases of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were included. All patients received one to two treatments with PDL. The primary outcome was the recurrence of carcinoma.

Among NMSC cases treated with PDL, recurrence occurred in 12 patients (8.2%). No cases of BCC recurred during the study period. Recurrence of SCC was 4.7% for SCC in situ and 10.4% recurrence for invasive SCC (p = 0.34). Among 71 patients treated once, recurrence occurred in 10 patients (14.1%), and among 76 cases treated twice, recurrence occurred in 2 patients (2.6%, p = 0.01).

Two treatments of PDL for NMSC on the dorsal hands of older patients was well tolerated, had low recurrence, and seemed more effective than one treatment.

Enhancement of skin rejuvenation and hair growth through novel near-infrared light emitting diode (nNIR) lighting: in vitro and in vivo study.

Lasers in Medical Science

The study aimed to explore the impact of a novel near-infrared LED (nNIR) with an extended spectrum on skin enhancement and hair growth. Various LE...

The effect of high-intensity laser therapy on pain and lower extremity function in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Lasers in Medical Science

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a set of symptoms that negatively affect the daily life activities of the individual, leading to functional ...

Lasers in the management of alopecia: a review of established therapies and advances in treatment.

Lasers in Medical Science

Alopecia, also known as hair loss, is a highly prevalent condition affecting millions of men and women in the United States and worldwide, making i...

Postoperative leukocyte counts as a surrogate for surgical stress response in matched robot- and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery cohorts of patients: A preliminary report.

Journal of Robotic Surgery

The objective is to preliminary evaluated postoperative leukocyte counts as a surrogate for the surgical stress response in NSCLC patients who unde...

Comparison of peritoneal interposition flaps and sealants for prevention of lymphocele after robotic radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection: a systematic review, meta-analysis, Bayesian network meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

Journal of Robotic Surgery

Lymphocele is one of the most common complications after radical prostatectomy. Multiple authors have proposed the use of vessel sealants or perito...

An effective strategy for assembling the sex-limited chromosome.

GigaScience

Most currently available reference genomes lack the sequence map of sex-limited (such as Y and W) chromosomes, which results in incomplete assemblies that hinder further research on sex chromosomes. Recent advancements in long-read sequencing and population sequencing have provided the opportunity to assemble sex-limited chromosomes without the traditional complicated experimental efforts.

We introduce the first computational method, Sorting long Reads of Y or other sex-limited chromosome (SRY), which achieves improved assembly results compared to flow sorting. Specifically, SRY outperforms in the heterochromatic region and demonstrates comparable performance in other regions. Furthermore, SRY enhances the capabilities of the hybrid assembly software, resulting in improved continuity and accuracy.

Our method enables true complete genome assembly and facilitates downstream research of sex-limited chromosomes.

Korea4K: whole genome sequences of 4,157 Koreans with 107 phenotypes derived from extensive health check-ups.

GigaScience

Phenome-wide association studies (PheWASs) have been conducted on Asian populations, including Koreans, but many were based on chip or exome genotyping data. Such studies have limitations regarding whole genome-wide association analysis, making it crucial to have genome-to-phenome association information with the largest possible whole genome and matched phenome data to conduct further population-genome studies and develop health care services based on population genomics.

Here, we present 4,157 whole genome sequences (Korea4K) coupled with 107 health check-up parameters as the largest genomic resource of the Korean Genome Project. It encompasses most of the variants with allele frequency >0.001 in Koreans, indicating that it sufficiently covered most of the common and rare genetic variants with commonly measured phenotypes for Koreans. Korea4K provides 45,537,252 variants, and half of them were not present in Korea1K (1,094 samples). We also identified 1,356 new genotype-phenotype associations that were not found by the Korea1K dataset. Phenomics analyses further revealed 24 significant genetic correlations, 14 pleiotropic associations, and 127 causal relationships based on Mendelian randomization among 37 traits. In addition, the Korea4K imputation reference panel, the largest Korean variants reference to date, showed a superior imputation performance to Korea1K across all allele frequency categories.

Collectively, Korea4K provides not only the largest Korean genome data but also corresponding health check-up parameters and novel genome-phenome associations. The large-scale pathological whole genome-wide omics data will become a powerful set for genome-phenome level association studies to discover causal markers for the prediction and diagnosis of health conditions in future studies.

Enhanced bovine genome annotation through integration of transcriptomics and epi-transcriptomics datasets facilitates genomic biology.

GigaScience

The accurate identification of the functional elements in the bovine genome is a fundamental requirement for high-quality analysis of data informing both genome biology and genomic selection. Functional annotation of the bovine genome was performed to identify a more complete catalog of transcript isoforms across bovine tissues.

A total of 160,820 unique transcripts (50% protein coding) representing 34,882 unique genes (60% protein coding) were identified across tissues. Among them, 118,563 transcripts (73% of the total) were structurally validated by independent datasets (PacBio isoform sequencing data, Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing data, de novo assembled transcripts from RNA sequencing data) and comparison with Ensembl and NCBI gene sets. In addition, all transcripts were supported by extensive data from different technologies such as whole transcriptome termini site sequencing, RNA Annotation and Mapping of Promoters for the Analysis of Gene Expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing. A large proportion of identified transcripts (69%) were unannotated, of which 86% were produced by annotated genes and 14% by unannotated genes. A median of two 5' untranslated regions were expressed per gene. Around 50% of protein-coding genes in each tissue were bifunctional and transcribed both coding and noncoding isoforms. Furthermore, we identified 3,744 genes that functioned as noncoding genes in fetal tissues but as protein-coding genes in adult tissues. Our new bovine genome annotation extended more than 11,000 annotated gene borders compared to Ensembl or NCBI annotations. The resulting bovine transcriptome was integrated with publicly available quantitative trait loci data to study tissue-tissue interconnection involved in different traits and construct the first bovine trait similarity network.

These validated results show significant improvement over current bovine genome annotations.