The latest medical research on Diabetes Mellitus

Aging population and growing obesity prevalence are two major public health issues. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be both safe and effective, but its role in the treatment of the elderly remains controversial.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic bariatric surgery in patients over 70 years of age.

A systematic review and assessment of the literature was performed in November-December 2023. Inclusion criteria gathered studies of elderly (age ≥70 years old) who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The data extraction focused on weight loss, obesity-related diseases, and complications.

Fourteen retrospective studies were included, involving 3923 septuagenarians (female, 69.70%). One year after the surgery, the mean excess weight loss was 54.66%. At last follow-up, the improvement in obesity-related diseases was regarded as 50% diagnosed with diabetes, 36% with hypertension, 50% with reflux, 36% with sleep apnea, and 25% with hyperlipidemia. The overall postoperative major morbidity and mortality were about 2% and 1%, respectively.

This systematic review suggests that laparoscopic bariatric surgery is an effective and safe treatment for patients over 70 years of age.

Complex interventions that include responsive infant feeding components can potentially prevent childhood obesity. To develop a replicable responsive feeding intervention, an understanding of the most effective behavior change techniques (BCTs) and theory is needed.

To identify the BCTs and theories used in interventions with responsive feeding components for caregivers of children ≤2 years.

PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MIDIRS were searched from inception to May 2023. Studies of obesity prevention interventions with a responsive feeding component were included. BCT Taxonomy Version 1 and Michie and Prestwich theory coding method were applied.

Eighteen interventions were identified; the number of BCTs ranged from 3 to 11 (mean = 5.5). The most used BCTs were "Instruction on how to perform a behaviour" (17/18) and "Adding objects to the environment" (13/18), which were commonly used in the nine trials demonstrating higher responsive feeding behaviours and the four trials reporting reduced likelihood of overweight or obesity, or rapid weight gain. Fifteen trials reported use of theory.

BCT use was low in interventions with responsive feeding components. BCTs are replicable; their use in interventions, alongside theory, will ensure that key determinants of responsive feeding behavior are included in future obesity prevention interventions.