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The latest medical research on Microbiology

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Involvement of kinesins in skeletal dysplasia - a review.

Cellular Physiology

Skeletal dysplasias are group of rare genetic diseases resulting from mutations in genes encoding structural proteins of the cartilage extracellula...

Effect of the Mitochondrial Transaminase (GOT2) on Membrane Potential Sensitive Respiration in Mitochondria of Differentiated C2C12 Muscle Cells.

Cellular Physiology

We previously showed that the transaminase inhibitor, aminooxyacetic acid, reduced respiration energized at complex II (succinate dehydrogenase, SD...

Microscopic computed tomography with AI-CNN powered image analysis: the path to phenotype the bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury.

Cellular Physiology

Bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury in mice is a valuable model for investigating the molecular mechanisms that drive inflammation and fibrosis and...

Ubiquitin-driven G Protein-Coupled Receptor Inflammatory Signaling at the Endosome.

Cellular Physiology

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptors that mediate numerous physiological responses and are highly ...

Apelin-13: A Novel Approach to Suppressing Renin Production in RVHT.

Cellular Physiology

Renovascular hypertension (RVHT) is characterized by renal artery stenosis and overactivated renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Apelin, known for its ...

Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Enhances Phenotypic and Osteogenic Switching of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis via Scaffolding EZH2.

Cellular Physiology

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a significant contributor to cardio-cerebrovascular ischemia diseases, resulting in high mortality rates worldwide. During ...

Immune reconstitution in children after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Biochemistry

Immune reconstitution (IR) kinetics of paediatric patients underwent haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) have not been extensively studied. We compared IR patterns of children receiving HSCT from haploidentical (n = 92) and HLA-matched donors (n = 36), and analysed risk factors for viral infection in these patients.

We prospectively measured lymphocyte subset numbers before HSCT and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after HSCT. Blood cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, BK virus (BKV) and urine adenovirus and BKV viral loads were measured at designated time points.

The median numbers of total T and T helper cells at 1 month were significantly lower in the haploidentical group compared with the HLA-matched group. Haploidentical HSCT recipients had significantly lower median numbers of several T cell subsets and B cells for 1 year after HSCT. The median NK cell count of the haploidentical group was lower at 1 month. BKV haemorrhagic cystitis, blood CMV and urine adenovirus reactivation were more frequently found in the haploidentical group. Post-haploidentical HSCT patients receiving anti-T lymphocyte globulin (ATG) had significantly lower median numbers of total T cells (at 1 month) and T helper cells (at 6 and 12 months) and higher rate of blood BKV reactivation compared with those without ATG.

Paediatric patients who undergo haploidentical HSCT with PTCy are likely to have delayed IR and an increased risk of viral reactivation/infection compared with HLA-matched HSCT. The addition of ATG to PTCy delayed T cell recovery and increased risk of BKV reactivation.

New method to differentiate between lupus anticoagulants, progressive coagulation inhibitors and coagulation factor deficiencies in the mixing tests.

Biochemistry

Mixing tests in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are used for the differentiation between lupus anticoagulants (LA), coagulation inhibitors, and factor deficient samples with APTT prolongation. However, the indexes for the differentiation have not been established. The present study aimed to develop new mixing test indexes for the differentiation.

Twenty-six LA-positive, 8 progressive coagulation factor VIII inhibitor, and 35 coagulation deficient samples were employed. APTT were measured for normal plasma, patient plasma, and mixing plasma prepared at a ratio of 1:1 proportion in both without incubation and 2 h-incubation. New two parameters named as ALD50 and mixture plasma-patient plasma after Warming change rate Subtraction (WaS) calculated from the clotting times of normal, 1:1 mixing and patient samples with/without 2 h-incubation were established. In the samples with WaS result of <10.2%, ALD50 of ≥87.8%, and < 87.8% were defined as LA and coagulation factor deficiency, respectively, and WaS of ≥10.2% defined progressive coagulation factor inhibitors.

Sensitivity and specificity to LA were 80.8% and 93.0% for ALD50, and sensitivity and specificity to progressive coagulation factor inhibitor were 100.0% and 100.0% for WaS, respectively. The agreement between sample classification and WaS-ALD50 was 88.4% (61/69).

ALD50 and WaS showed acceptable sensitivity and specificity to LA and progressive coagulation factor inhibitor, respectively. These indexes would be useful for the differentiation between LA, factor deficiency, and progressive coagulation factor inhibitor in the mixing tests.

Performance of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) testing by hemostasis laboratories: The Australasian/Asia-Pacific experience.

Biochemistry

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) reflect anticoagulation agents given to treat or prevent thrombosis, having largely replaced vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin. DOACs are given in fixed daily doses and generally do not need monitoring. However, there may be a variety of reasons that justify measurement of plasma DOAC levels in individual patients.

We report updated findings for DOAC testing in our geographic region, using recent data from the RCPAQAP, an international external quality assessment (EQA) program, currently with some 40-60 participants in each of the different DOAC (rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran) modules, to assess laboratory performance in this area. Data has been assessed for the past 5 years (2019-2023 inclusive), with 20 samples each per DOAC.

Data shows a limited repertoire of assays in use, and mostly consistency in reported numerical values when assessing proficiency samples. Available assays mostly comprised reagents from four manufacturing suppliers. There was good consistency across what participants identified as 'DOAC detected', but some variability when participants attempted to grade DOAC levels as low vs moderate vs high. Inter-laboratory/method coefficient of variation (CVs) were generally <15% for each DOAC, when present at >100 ng/mL.

We hope our findings, reflecting on mostly consistent reporting of DOAC levels and interpretation provides reassurance for clinicians requesting these measurements, and helps support their implementation in regions where there is a paucity of test availability.

Complement inhibition in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: From biology to therapy.

Biochemistry

Complement inhibitors are the mainstay of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) treatment. The anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab was the f...

Decoding the Neurotoxic Effects of Propofol: Insights into the RARα-Snhg1-Bdnf Regulatory Cascade.

Cellular Physiology

The potential neurotoxic effects of propofol, an extensively utilized anesthetic, underline the urgency to comprehend its influence on neuronal hea...

Macrophages in necrotic liver lesion repair: opportunities for therapeutical applications.

Cellular Physiology

Healthy livers contain 80% of body resident macrophages known as Kupffer cells. In diseased livers, the number of Kupffer cells usually drops, but ...