The latest medical research on Obesity & Bariatrics
The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about obesity & bariatrics gathered by our medical AI research bot.
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Request AccessAssociation of childhood obesity with pubertal development in boys: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Obesity ReviewsChildhood obesity leads to early puberty development in girls, but its effect in boys remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-an...
Trends in adherence to physical activity guidelines from 1997 to 2018 among adults with obesity: An analysis from the US National Health Interview Survey.
Obesity ReviewsThe aim of this study was to estimate the temporal trends in adherence rates to the physical activity (PA) guidelines for aerobic and muscle-streng...
Valuing behavioral interventions for obesity reduction: A scoping review of economic models.
Obesity ReviewsPolicymakers require health economic modeling to guide their decision-making over the choice of interventions for obesity. This scoping review was ...
Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic bariatric surgery in patients of 70 years and older: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Obesity ReviewsAging population and growing obesity prevalence are two major public health issues. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be both safe and effective, but its role in the treatment of the elderly remains controversial.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic bariatric surgery in patients over 70 years of age.
A systematic review and assessment of the literature was performed in November-December 2023. Inclusion criteria gathered studies of elderly (age ≥70 years old) who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The data extraction focused on weight loss, obesity-related diseases, and complications.
Fourteen retrospective studies were included, involving 3923 septuagenarians (female, 69.70%). One year after the surgery, the mean excess weight loss was 54.66%. At last follow-up, the improvement in obesity-related diseases was regarded as 50% diagnosed with diabetes, 36% with hypertension, 50% with reflux, 36% with sleep apnea, and 25% with hyperlipidemia. The overall postoperative major morbidity and mortality were about 2% and 1%, respectively.
This systematic review suggests that laparoscopic bariatric surgery is an effective and safe treatment for patients over 70 years of age.
Treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: The fat-trimming FGF21 approach.
Obesity ReviewsMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a condition characterized by hepatosteatosis, inflammation, and tissue damage, with stea...
Recommender systems use in weight management mHealth interventions: A scoping review.
Obesity ReviewsThe use of recommender systems in mobile health apps for weight control has grown, but user app uptake and engagement remain limited. The objective...
The impact of early childhood education and care-based interventions on child physical activity, anthropometrics, fundamental movement skills, cognitive functioning, and social-emotional wellbeing: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Obesity ReviewsThis review assessed the effectiveness of ECEC-based interventions to improve child physical activity, and intervention impact on child weight-base...
Implementation of a UK supermarket intervention to increase purchasing of fresh fruit and vegetables: process evaluation of the WRAPPED natural experiment.
International Journal of EpidemiologyNCT03573973; Pre-results.
The study adopted a convergent mixed-methods design. Quantitative data extracted from study store planograms (visual representation of stores and product placement) before and after intervention implementation were used to assess the positioning of fresh fruit and vegetables in the first aisle from the front entrance (intervention dose). The availability of fresh fruit and vegetables in each study store was examined from stock-keeping unit (SKU) figures before and after intervention implementation. An intervention implementation survey (IIS) completed with store managers and senior supervisors before and 1- and 6-months post-intervention implementation enabled examination of the context across study stores. Semi-structured interviews with store managers and senior supervisors provided qualitative data about store staff experiences and perceptions of the intervention between 6-months post-intervention implementation.
The placement intervention was implemented with close adherence to the study protocol. There were marked differences, post-intervention implementation, in the positioning of fresh fruit and vegetables in intervention stores compared with control stores: median distance in intervention stores was 8.0 m (IQR 5.0 to 10.0) compared with 23.8 m (IQR 21.0 to 30.0) in control stores (P < 0.0001). The availability of varieties of fresh fruit and vegetables increased in intervention stores post-intervention compared with control stores: median (IQR) among intervention stores was 72 (51, 84) compared with 56.5 (50, 62) in control stores (P = 0.03). The mean change from baseline to post-implementation in number of different fruit and vegetables available in intervention stores was 15.3 (SD 16.7) (P = 0.01). IIS and interview data demonstrated little difference between intervention and store contexts over time. Reinforcing factors for intervention implementation included: head-office leadership, store staff views and attitudes and increased awareness of the importance of offering healthy food in prominent locations within stores.
This study demonstrated that placement interventions which promote fresh fruit and vegetables to customers in discount supermarkets can be implemented effectively. These findings are encouraging for the implementation of national food policies which modify retail environments to improve population purchasing and dietary patterns.
24-hour movement behaviors and changes in quality of life over time among community-dwelling older adults: a compositional data analysis.
International Journal of EpidemiologyFavorable movement behavior patterns, comprising more physical activity, less sedentary behavior, and sufficient sleep, may promote the maintenance of good quality of life (QoL) with advancing age. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether movement behaviors predict future changes in QoL among community-dwelling older adults over a four-year follow-up.
Participants were 75-, 80- and 85-year-old community-dwelling older adults (n = 203) followed up for 4 years. Participants wore thigh- and trunk-mounted accelerometers for 3-7 days at baseline. Proportion of time-use in physical activity, standing and sedentary behavior were assessed based on body posture and movement intensity. Time in bed was determined using an automated algorithm. QoL was assessed during a home interview using the short Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up (range 13-65, higher scores indicate higher QoL). Compositional linear regression analysis was used to study whether baseline time-use composition predicts changes in QoL.
Over the 4-year follow-up, QoL scores decreased by 5% on average. Higher physical activity in relation to the other movement behaviors was associated with increase in QoL over time (βilr 0.94, p = 0.013), but this association attenuated after adding baseline physical function into the model. Sedentary behavior, standing, and time in bed were not associated with changes in QoL. Theoretical reallocation of 30 min of physical activity into sedentary behavior, standing or time in bed was estimated to decrease QoL by 0.5 (CI 95% -0.6 to -0.4), 0.6 (-0.7 to -0.5) and 0.4 (-0.5 to -0.3) points, respectively.
Theoretical reallocation of physical activity into sedentary behavior, standing, and time in bed was found to be associated with prospective decline in QoL among older adults. Engaging more in physical activity and less in more passive activities may promote better QoL with advancing age.
The case for investment in nutritional interventions to prevent and reduce childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Peru: a modelling study.
International Journal of EpidemiologyBetween 2006 and 2016 the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 5-19 years in Peru increased from 22.7 to 27.0%. This investment case quantifies the economic impacts of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Peru. It identifies and quantifies the potential impact of a set of new or expanded interventions that can strengthen current national efforts to prevent and reduce child and adolescent overweight and obesity.
A deterministic Markov cohort model with a societal cost perspective estimated reductions in mortality and morbidity from implementing interventions to prevent and reduce child and adolescent overweight and obesity and the impact in savings in healthcare costs and gains in wages and productivity. Interventions identified through a review of published literature includes a school-based social marketing campaign, exclusive breastfeeding promotion and support, a healthy food and drink policy for school premises, and a 20% subsidy on fruits and vegetables for people living below the national poverty line. The return on investment (ROI) was calculated along with the estimated cost savings associated with the interventions. Analysis was conducted to test ROI sensitivity to changes in the key parameters and assumptions.
Between 2025 and 2092, the expected combined direct and indirect healthcare costs attributable to child and adolescent overweight and obesity in Peru are 210.6 billion USD. The direct healthcare costs are 1.8 billion USD, and the indirect costs are 208.8 billion USD. Expected savings for all interventions combined is 13.9 billion USD with a per-person savings of 12,089.8 USD. The expected ROI of the four interventions combined is 39.3 USD (30-years), 64.6 USD (50-years), and 164.1 USD (66-years) per one USD invested.
The overweight and obesity epidemic among children and adolescents in Peru requires wide-ranging and expanded implementation of policies to achieve long-term reductions in prevalence. This study's findings show that the four priority interventions have high ROIs and can be used to guide policy to address the complex interplay of factors that contribute to the obesogenic environment.
Identifying behavior change techniques (BCTs) in responsive feeding interventions to prevent childhood obesity-A systematic review.
Obesity ReviewsComplex interventions that include responsive infant feeding components can potentially prevent childhood obesity. To develop a replicable responsive feeding intervention, an understanding of the most effective behavior change techniques (BCTs) and theory is needed.
To identify the BCTs and theories used in interventions with responsive feeding components for caregivers of children ≤2 years.
PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MIDIRS were searched from inception to May 2023. Studies of obesity prevention interventions with a responsive feeding component were included. BCT Taxonomy Version 1 and Michie and Prestwich theory coding method were applied.
Eighteen interventions were identified; the number of BCTs ranged from 3 to 11 (mean = 5.5). The most used BCTs were "Instruction on how to perform a behaviour" (17/18) and "Adding objects to the environment" (13/18), which were commonly used in the nine trials demonstrating higher responsive feeding behaviours and the four trials reporting reduced likelihood of overweight or obesity, or rapid weight gain. Fifteen trials reported use of theory.
BCT use was low in interventions with responsive feeding components. BCTs are replicable; their use in interventions, alongside theory, will ensure that key determinants of responsive feeding behavior are included in future obesity prevention interventions.
Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on obesogenic eating behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Obesity ReviewsThis systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of mindful-based interventions (MBIs) on changes in obesogenic eating behaviors. Seve...
